Cargando…

Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID -19) has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic with multi-system involvement. Involvement of the endocrine system is expected in COVID-19 as the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and the endocrine system occurs at multiple levels....

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Garg, Mahendra K., Gopalakrishnan, Maya, Yadav, Prakrati, Misra, Sanjeev
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7810055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33489841
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_440_20
_version_ 1783637245178150912
author Garg, Mahendra K.
Gopalakrishnan, Maya
Yadav, Prakrati
Misra, Sanjeev
author_facet Garg, Mahendra K.
Gopalakrishnan, Maya
Yadav, Prakrati
Misra, Sanjeev
author_sort Garg, Mahendra K.
collection PubMed
description Coronavirus 2019 (COVID -19) has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic with multi-system involvement. Involvement of the endocrine system is expected in COVID-19 as the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and the endocrine system occurs at multiple levels. The widespread presence of ACE-2 receptors on various tissues suggests scope for direct viral infection. The interactions via the activation of inflammatory mediators and indirect immune-mediated damage are also postulated. Evidence so far suggests that COVID-19 can cause functional hypopituitarism by direct and indirect effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis resulting in inappropriate adrenal response to stress. Several reports highlight possible immune-mediated damage to thyroid glands resulting in subacute thyroiditis. COVID-19 is implicated in precipitating hyperglycemia in known diabetics and uncovering insulin resistance in those previously undiagnosed. COVID-19 has also been shown to trigger Type 1 Diabetes with ketosis. Various mechanisms including direct virus-induced beta cell apoptosis and immune-mediated beta-cell damage have been demonstrated. The presence of virus in semen has unclear clinical significance at present. In this mini-review summarize the endocrine manifestations reported so far in COVID-19 disease and explore mechanisms to decipher how SARS CoV-2 may affect various endocrine organs.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7810055
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-78100552021-01-22 Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care Garg, Mahendra K. Gopalakrishnan, Maya Yadav, Prakrati Misra, Sanjeev Indian J Endocrinol Metab Review Article Coronavirus 2019 (COVID -19) has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic with multi-system involvement. Involvement of the endocrine system is expected in COVID-19 as the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and the endocrine system occurs at multiple levels. The widespread presence of ACE-2 receptors on various tissues suggests scope for direct viral infection. The interactions via the activation of inflammatory mediators and indirect immune-mediated damage are also postulated. Evidence so far suggests that COVID-19 can cause functional hypopituitarism by direct and indirect effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis resulting in inappropriate adrenal response to stress. Several reports highlight possible immune-mediated damage to thyroid glands resulting in subacute thyroiditis. COVID-19 is implicated in precipitating hyperglycemia in known diabetics and uncovering insulin resistance in those previously undiagnosed. COVID-19 has also been shown to trigger Type 1 Diabetes with ketosis. Various mechanisms including direct virus-induced beta cell apoptosis and immune-mediated beta-cell damage have been demonstrated. The presence of virus in semen has unclear clinical significance at present. In this mini-review summarize the endocrine manifestations reported so far in COVID-19 disease and explore mechanisms to decipher how SARS CoV-2 may affect various endocrine organs. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020 2020-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7810055/ /pubmed/33489841 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_440_20 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review Article
Garg, Mahendra K.
Gopalakrishnan, Maya
Yadav, Prakrati
Misra, Sanjeev
Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care
title Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care
title_full Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care
title_fullStr Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care
title_full_unstemmed Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care
title_short Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care
title_sort endocrine involvement in covid-19: mechanisms, clinical features, and implications for care
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7810055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33489841
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_440_20
work_keys_str_mv AT gargmahendrak endocrineinvolvementincovid19mechanismsclinicalfeaturesandimplicationsforcare
AT gopalakrishnanmaya endocrineinvolvementincovid19mechanismsclinicalfeaturesandimplicationsforcare
AT yadavprakrati endocrineinvolvementincovid19mechanismsclinicalfeaturesandimplicationsforcare
AT misrasanjeev endocrineinvolvementincovid19mechanismsclinicalfeaturesandimplicationsforcare