Epstein-Barr virus-associated monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after pediatric kidney transplantation: A case report

BACKGROUND: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is the most common malignant tumor that occurs after kidney transplantation in children, and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of PTLD that occurred in a 17-year-old female patient at 5 mo post-transplant. The first symptom was abdominal pain accompanied by fever, nausea, and vomiting. EBV-associated monomorphic PTLD with multiple abdominal nodules was diagnosed by pathology, clinical manifestations, imaging results, and the presence of EB-DNA. After successful treatment with rituximab, the abdominal nodules in the spleen and liver disappeared. CONCLUSION: Early pathological biopsy to confirm the diagnosis is critical to treatment and prognosis. Reducing immunosuppression and rituximab therapy are effective methods for treating PTLD, but need to be initiated as early as possible.