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Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex

Ocular surface health, the cognitive status, psychological health or human neurological disorders, among others, can be assessed by studying eye blinking, which can be differentiated in spontaneous, reflex and voluntary. Its diagnostic potential has provided a great number of works that evaluate the...

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Autores principales: Espinosa, Julián, Pérez, Jorge, Mas, David
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7813264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33489264
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201016
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author Espinosa, Julián
Pérez, Jorge
Mas, David
author_facet Espinosa, Julián
Pérez, Jorge
Mas, David
author_sort Espinosa, Julián
collection PubMed
description Ocular surface health, the cognitive status, psychological health or human neurological disorders, among others, can be assessed by studying eye blinking, which can be differentiated in spontaneous, reflex and voluntary. Its diagnostic potential has provided a great number of works that evaluate their characteristics and variations depending on the subject's condition (sex, tiredness, health, …). The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in blinking kinematics of spontaneous and reflex blinks, distinguishing between direct and consensual reflexes, using a self-developed, non-invasive and image processing-based method. A video-oculography system is proposed using an air jet driven by a syringe to induce reflex and a high-speed camera to record the blinking of both eyes. The light intensity diffused by the eye changes during blinking and peaks when the eyelid closes. Sixty-second sequences were recorded of 25 subjects blinking. Intensity curves were off-line fitted to an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) function, whose σ, μ and τ parameters were analysed. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of these parameters was conducted to test the influence of the subject, the eye and blink type. In the closing phase, direct and consensual corneal reflexes are faster than spontaneous blinking, but there was no significant difference between them, nor between right and left eyes. In the opening phase, the direct corneal reflex was the slowest and significant differences appeared between right and left eyes.
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spelling pubmed-78132642021-01-21 Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex Espinosa, Julián Pérez, Jorge Mas, David R Soc Open Sci Physics and Biophysics Ocular surface health, the cognitive status, psychological health or human neurological disorders, among others, can be assessed by studying eye blinking, which can be differentiated in spontaneous, reflex and voluntary. Its diagnostic potential has provided a great number of works that evaluate their characteristics and variations depending on the subject's condition (sex, tiredness, health, …). The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in blinking kinematics of spontaneous and reflex blinks, distinguishing between direct and consensual reflexes, using a self-developed, non-invasive and image processing-based method. A video-oculography system is proposed using an air jet driven by a syringe to induce reflex and a high-speed camera to record the blinking of both eyes. The light intensity diffused by the eye changes during blinking and peaks when the eyelid closes. Sixty-second sequences were recorded of 25 subjects blinking. Intensity curves were off-line fitted to an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) function, whose σ, μ and τ parameters were analysed. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of these parameters was conducted to test the influence of the subject, the eye and blink type. In the closing phase, direct and consensual corneal reflexes are faster than spontaneous blinking, but there was no significant difference between them, nor between right and left eyes. In the opening phase, the direct corneal reflex was the slowest and significant differences appeared between right and left eyes. The Royal Society 2020-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7813264/ /pubmed/33489264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201016 Text en © 2020 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Physics and Biophysics
Espinosa, Julián
Pérez, Jorge
Mas, David
Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
title Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
title_full Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
title_short Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
title_sort comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex
topic Physics and Biophysics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7813264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33489264
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201016
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