Current and emerging methods for treatment of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration: A literature review

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is no available medication for immediate correction of bruise discoloration. Instead, makeup, cosmetic powders, concealers, and various traditional herbal remedies are used to mask discoloration. These approaches have no influence on the pathology behind the discoloration. The purpose of this study was to explore existing methods and current trends in correction of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration. METHODS: This paper describes the treatment methodologies available for proposed correction of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration. A thorough literature review was conducted to assess current knowledge of available treatments for bruise discoloration. RESULTS: current cosmetics being marketed under the names "Bleacher bruises," "Bleaching agents" and "Blood bleachers" addressing bruise related discoloration do not offer targeted pathological treatment. Several methods for immediate discoloration of the skin and nail plate in the area of bruising and hematoma were found, yet no method offered sufficient clinical data in support of its efficacy and safety. The intricate mechanisms of discoloration associated with hemoglobin extravascular deterioration are not targeted by any treatment method. Only one paper outlining the clinical application of bleaching agents was found. CONCLUSION: The primary blood pigments responsible for the discoloration in bruises include methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, carbohymoglobin, verdoglobin, biliverdin, and bilirubin. No existing method targets the degradation of hemoglobin in the area of ecchymosis. The efficacy of existing patented methods remains questionable and unsupported clinically. Future research should focus on developing a drug targeting hemoglobin derivatives, preventing discoloration at an early stage.