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Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities

BACKGROUND: The unprecedented outbreak of a contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus has led to a pandemic since December 2019, claiming millions of lives. The study systematically reviews and summarizes COVID-19’s impact based on symptoms, demographics, comorbidities, and demons...

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Autores principales: Bhattacharyya, Arinjita, Seth, Anand, Srivastava, Niharika, Imeokparia, Michael, Rai, Shesh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Journal Experts 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7814834/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33469575
http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-144684/v1
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author Bhattacharyya, Arinjita
Seth, Anand
Srivastava, Niharika
Imeokparia, Michael
Rai, Shesh
author_facet Bhattacharyya, Arinjita
Seth, Anand
Srivastava, Niharika
Imeokparia, Michael
Rai, Shesh
author_sort Bhattacharyya, Arinjita
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The unprecedented outbreak of a contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus has led to a pandemic since December 2019, claiming millions of lives. The study systematically reviews and summarizes COVID-19’s impact based on symptoms, demographics, comorbidities, and demonstrates the association of demographics in cases and mortality in the United States. METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from December 2019- August 2020, and articles restricted to the English language were collected following PRISMA guidelines. US CDC data was used for establishing statistical significance of age, sex, and race. RESULTS: Among 3745 patients in China, mean age is 50.63 (95% CI: 36.84, 64.42) years, and 55.7 % (95% CI: 52.2, 59.2) were males. Symptoms included fever 86.5% (82.7, 90.0), fatigue 41.9% (32.7, 51.4), dyspnea 29.0% (21.2, 37.5), cough 66.0% (61.3, 70.6), mucus 66% (61.3, 70.6), lymphopenia 18.9% (5.2, 38.0). Prevalent comorbidities were hypertension 16.4% (12.5, 20.8), diabetes 8.9% (7.0, 11.1), CVD 10.9% (6.1, 16.7), ARDS 14.6% (4.9, 27.8), malignancy 1.5 (0.05, 2.8), 1.3% (0.08, 1.9), COPD 1.3 (0.08, 1.9). 63.5 % (33.5, 88.7) received oxygen therapy, 20.8% (8.9, 35.7) were in ventilation, 23.5% (5.9, 47.8) were at the ICU. 86.5% (76.8, 94) had antiviral, 73.9% (55.3, 89.0) had antibiotics, 30% (20.6, 40.2) corticosteroids treatment. In the US, the odds ratio of infection in males to females is 0.873 (CI: 0.052,14.791), while the odds of dying from infection is 1.378 (CI: 0.081, 23.528) for males. The prevalence of infection is higher in females; case and death rates are higher in whites and Hispanics than other races; the death rate is higher in males irrespective of race and age; death rate per 100,000 population increases monotonically with age. CONCLUSION: Results showed that metabolic diseases comprising CVD, diabetes, hypertension, and respiratory diseases, including COPD, ARDS, are the most common comorbidities to severe condition and poor prognosis in covid-19 patients. Following the recent FDA’s guidance for designing Covid-19 vaccine trials, stratification factors of age, race, sex, and comorbidities need consideration in allocation. This study aimed to provide clinical researchers, health policy planners a detailed insight into the coronavirus disease.
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spelling pubmed-78148342021-01-20 Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities Bhattacharyya, Arinjita Seth, Anand Srivastava, Niharika Imeokparia, Michael Rai, Shesh Res Sq Article BACKGROUND: The unprecedented outbreak of a contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus has led to a pandemic since December 2019, claiming millions of lives. The study systematically reviews and summarizes COVID-19’s impact based on symptoms, demographics, comorbidities, and demonstrates the association of demographics in cases and mortality in the United States. METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from December 2019- August 2020, and articles restricted to the English language were collected following PRISMA guidelines. US CDC data was used for establishing statistical significance of age, sex, and race. RESULTS: Among 3745 patients in China, mean age is 50.63 (95% CI: 36.84, 64.42) years, and 55.7 % (95% CI: 52.2, 59.2) were males. Symptoms included fever 86.5% (82.7, 90.0), fatigue 41.9% (32.7, 51.4), dyspnea 29.0% (21.2, 37.5), cough 66.0% (61.3, 70.6), mucus 66% (61.3, 70.6), lymphopenia 18.9% (5.2, 38.0). Prevalent comorbidities were hypertension 16.4% (12.5, 20.8), diabetes 8.9% (7.0, 11.1), CVD 10.9% (6.1, 16.7), ARDS 14.6% (4.9, 27.8), malignancy 1.5 (0.05, 2.8), 1.3% (0.08, 1.9), COPD 1.3 (0.08, 1.9). 63.5 % (33.5, 88.7) received oxygen therapy, 20.8% (8.9, 35.7) were in ventilation, 23.5% (5.9, 47.8) were at the ICU. 86.5% (76.8, 94) had antiviral, 73.9% (55.3, 89.0) had antibiotics, 30% (20.6, 40.2) corticosteroids treatment. In the US, the odds ratio of infection in males to females is 0.873 (CI: 0.052,14.791), while the odds of dying from infection is 1.378 (CI: 0.081, 23.528) for males. The prevalence of infection is higher in females; case and death rates are higher in whites and Hispanics than other races; the death rate is higher in males irrespective of race and age; death rate per 100,000 population increases monotonically with age. CONCLUSION: Results showed that metabolic diseases comprising CVD, diabetes, hypertension, and respiratory diseases, including COPD, ARDS, are the most common comorbidities to severe condition and poor prognosis in covid-19 patients. Following the recent FDA’s guidance for designing Covid-19 vaccine trials, stratification factors of age, race, sex, and comorbidities need consideration in allocation. This study aimed to provide clinical researchers, health policy planners a detailed insight into the coronavirus disease. American Journal Experts 2021-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7814834/ /pubmed/33469575 http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-144684/v1 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
spellingShingle Article
Bhattacharyya, Arinjita
Seth, Anand
Srivastava, Niharika
Imeokparia, Michael
Rai, Shesh
Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities
title Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities
title_full Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities
title_fullStr Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities
title_full_unstemmed Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities
title_short Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Evaluate the Significance of Demographics and Comorbidities
title_sort coronavirus (covid-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the significance of demographics and comorbidities
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7814834/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33469575
http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-144684/v1
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