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Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs

The use of viruses for tumour treatment has been imagined more than one hundred years ago, when it was reported that viral diseases were occasionally leading to a decrease in neoplastic lesions. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) seem to have a specific tropism for tumour cells. Previously, it was hypothesised...

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Autores principales: Innao, Vanessa, Rizzo, Vincenzo, Allegra, Andrea Gaetano, Musolino, Caterina, Allegra, Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7816176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33704184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28010019
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author Innao, Vanessa
Rizzo, Vincenzo
Allegra, Andrea Gaetano
Musolino, Caterina
Allegra, Alessandro
author_facet Innao, Vanessa
Rizzo, Vincenzo
Allegra, Andrea Gaetano
Musolino, Caterina
Allegra, Alessandro
author_sort Innao, Vanessa
collection PubMed
description The use of viruses for tumour treatment has been imagined more than one hundred years ago, when it was reported that viral diseases were occasionally leading to a decrease in neoplastic lesions. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) seem to have a specific tropism for tumour cells. Previously, it was hypothesised that OVs’ antineoplastic actions were mainly due to their ability to contaminate, proliferate and destroy tumour cells and the immediate destructive effect on cells was believed to be the single mechanism of action of OVs’ action. Instead, it has been established that oncolytic viruses operate via a multiplicity of systems, including mutation of tumour milieu and a composite change of the activity of immune effectors. Oncolytic viruses redesign the tumour environment towards an antitumour milieu. The aim of our work is to evaluate the findings present in the literature about the use of OVs in the cure of haematological neoplastic pathologies such as multiple myeloma, acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Further experimentations are essential to recognize the most efficient virus or treatment combinations for specific haematological diseases, and the combinations able to induce the strongest immune response.
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spelling pubmed-78161762021-01-27 Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs Innao, Vanessa Rizzo, Vincenzo Allegra, Andrea Gaetano Musolino, Caterina Allegra, Alessandro Curr Oncol Review The use of viruses for tumour treatment has been imagined more than one hundred years ago, when it was reported that viral diseases were occasionally leading to a decrease in neoplastic lesions. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) seem to have a specific tropism for tumour cells. Previously, it was hypothesised that OVs’ antineoplastic actions were mainly due to their ability to contaminate, proliferate and destroy tumour cells and the immediate destructive effect on cells was believed to be the single mechanism of action of OVs’ action. Instead, it has been established that oncolytic viruses operate via a multiplicity of systems, including mutation of tumour milieu and a composite change of the activity of immune effectors. Oncolytic viruses redesign the tumour environment towards an antitumour milieu. The aim of our work is to evaluate the findings present in the literature about the use of OVs in the cure of haematological neoplastic pathologies such as multiple myeloma, acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Further experimentations are essential to recognize the most efficient virus or treatment combinations for specific haematological diseases, and the combinations able to induce the strongest immune response. MDPI 2020-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7816176/ /pubmed/33704184 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28010019 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Innao, Vanessa
Rizzo, Vincenzo
Allegra, Andrea Gaetano
Musolino, Caterina
Allegra, Alessandro
Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
title Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
title_full Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
title_fullStr Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
title_full_unstemmed Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
title_short Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
title_sort oncolytic viruses and hematological malignancies: a new class of immunotherapy drugs
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7816176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33704184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28010019
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