The Impact of Preoperative Anemia on Complications After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

This study investigated the relationship between varying levels of preoperative anemia and postoperative complications within 30 days of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). METHODS: All patients who underwent TSA from 2015 to 2017 were queried from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database. Patients were categorized based on preoperative hematocrit levels: normal (>39% for men and >36% for women), mild anemia (29% to 39% for men and 29% to 36% for women), and severe anemia (<29% for both men and women). RESULTS: A total of 10,547 patients were included in the study. Of these patients, 1,923 patients were (18.2%) in the mild anemia cohort and 146 (1.4%) were in the severe anemia cohort. Mild anemia was identified as a significant predictor of any complication (odds ratio [OR] 2.74, P < 0.001), stroke/cerebrovascular accident (OR 6.79, P = 0.007), postoperative anemia requiring transfusion (OR 6.58, P < 0.001), nonhome discharge (OR 1.79, P < 0.001), readmission (OR 1.63, P < 0.001), and return to the surgical room (OR 1.60, P = 0.017). Severe anemia was identified as a significant predictor of any complication (OR 4.31, P < 0.001), renal complication (OR 13.78, P < 0.001), postoperative anemia requiring transfusion (OR 5.62, P < 0.001), and nonhome discharge (OR 2.34, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative anemia status is a risk factor for complications within 30 days of TSA.