Lynch syndrome or hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in a moroccan family: Case report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Colorectal cancer is a major global health problem. In 5% of cases, a genetic predisposition to cancer's syndrome is the etiology, such as Lynch syndrome. The population prevalence of Lynch syndrome has been estimated at 1/440. The objectives of this study are to show the interest of the oncogenetic consultation in the management of patients with suspicion of Lynch syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: It is a 70-year-old patient with a family history of different neoplasms. The patient has also been followed for an adenocarcinoma of the colon. An oncogenetic consultation was indicated, which led to the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome, according to the Amsterdam II criteria. A study of the MisMatch Repair genes was requested, to allow a pre-symptomatic diagnosis of apparented subjects at risk, and thus to also allow monitoring and early diagnosis of neoplasms or prophylactic measures. DISCUSSION: Lynch syndrome is one of the most common cancer susceptibility syndromes. A constitutional deleterious mutation in one of the DNA MisMatch Repair genes, is responsible for nearly 70% of cases of this syndrome. The oncogenetic consultation and the identification of the genetics cause, makes it possible to set up specific monitoring and to offer a pre-symptomatic test to all major relatives of the index case. CONCLUSION: This medical observation shows the benefit of the oncogenetic consultation, if a genetic predisposition to cancer's syndrome is suspected. The diagnostic of this predisposition and monitoring of the propositus and his exposed, like in Lynch syndrome will help in the early management of cancers, specially colorectal cancer and endometrial adenocarcinoma.