DNA methylation of Hugl‐2 is a prognostic biomarker in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma

It has been reported that loss of Hugl‐2 contributes to tumour formation and progression in vitro and in vivo. However, whether Hugl‐2 levels decrease during kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and the mechanism involved remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether DNA methylation of Hugl‐2 reduces its expression, leading to the progression and poor prognosis of KIRC. Hugl‐2 methylation and mRNA expression and KIRC clinicopathological data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and relationships among these factors were analyzed using UALCAN, MethHC, Wanderer and LinkedOmics web tools. We found that Hugl‐2 mRNA and protein levels were reduced in KIRC tissues. Moreover, Hugl‐2 mRNA levels were related to tumour grade and overall survival, and Hugl‐2 methylation was increased in KIRC. According to the results of methylation‐specific PCR, KIRC cells had higher Hugl‐2 DNA methylation levels than HKC cells. Moreover, Hugl‐2 DNA methylation correlated negatively with Hugl‐2 mRNA and was also related to the pathology and T stage of KIRC patients. KIRC patients with high Hugl‐2 DNA methylation also had shorter overall survival. Additionally, methylation of cg08827674, a Hugl‐2 probe, was related to pathologic stage, T stage, neoplasm histologic grade, serum calcium level without laterality, M stage, N stage, and ethnicity. Furthermore, treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine resulted in upregulation of Hugl‐2 mRNA and protein levels in KIRC cell lines. These results indicate that Hugl‐2 DNA methylation may be both a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target in KIRC.