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Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)

BACKGROUND: Two species of deer ked (Lipoptena cervi and L. mazamae) have been identified as vectors of Bartonella bacteria in cervids in Europe and the USA. In an earlier study we showed that Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) harbor three Bartonella species, namely B. capreoli (lineage A) and two...

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Autores principales: Sato, Shingo, Kabeya, Hidenori, Ishiguro, Sayuri, Shibasaki, Yasuhiro, Maruyama, Soichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33482884
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04585-w
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author Sato, Shingo
Kabeya, Hidenori
Ishiguro, Sayuri
Shibasaki, Yasuhiro
Maruyama, Soichi
author_facet Sato, Shingo
Kabeya, Hidenori
Ishiguro, Sayuri
Shibasaki, Yasuhiro
Maruyama, Soichi
author_sort Sato, Shingo
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Two species of deer ked (Lipoptena cervi and L. mazamae) have been identified as vectors of Bartonella bacteria in cervids in Europe and the USA. In an earlier study we showed that Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) harbor three Bartonella species, namely B. capreoli (lineage A) and two novel Bartonella species (lineages B and C); however, there is currently no information on the vector of Bartonella bacteria in sika deer. The aim of this study was to clarify potential vectors of Bartonella in Japanese sika deer. METHODS: Thirty-eight wingless deer keds (L. fortisetosa) and 36 ticks (Haemaphysalis and Ixodes species) were collected from sika deer. The prevalence of Bartonella in the arthropods was evaluated by real-time PCR targeting the 16S−23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and by culture of the organisms. The total number of Bartonella bacteria were quantified using real-time PCR. The distribution of Bartonella bacteria in deer ked organs was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. The relationship of Bartonella strains isolated from sika deer and arthropods were examined by a phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of the gltA, rpoB, ftsZ, and ribC genes, followed by a BLAST search for gltA and rpoB. RESULTS: Bartonella prevalence in deer keds was 87.9% by real-time PCR and 51.5% in culture and that in the ticks was 8.3% by real-time PCR and 2.8% in culture. The mean number of Bartonella bacteria per ked was calculated to be 9.2 × 10(5) cells. Bartonella aggregates were localized in the midgut of the keds. The phylogenetic analysis and BLAST search showed that both the host deer and the keds harbored two Bartonella species (lineages B and C), while B. capreoli (lineage A) was not detected in the keds. Two novel Bartonella species (lineages D and E) were isolated from one ked. CONCLUSIONS: Lipoptena fortisetosa likely serves as a vector of at least two Bartonella species (lineages B and C), whereas ticks do not seem to play a significant role in the transmission of Bartonella between sika deer based on the lower detection rates of Bartonella in ticks compared to keds. Bartonella species in lineages D and E appear to be L. fortisetosa-specific strains. [Image: see text]
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spelling pubmed-78214762021-01-22 Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) Sato, Shingo Kabeya, Hidenori Ishiguro, Sayuri Shibasaki, Yasuhiro Maruyama, Soichi Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Two species of deer ked (Lipoptena cervi and L. mazamae) have been identified as vectors of Bartonella bacteria in cervids in Europe and the USA. In an earlier study we showed that Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) harbor three Bartonella species, namely B. capreoli (lineage A) and two novel Bartonella species (lineages B and C); however, there is currently no information on the vector of Bartonella bacteria in sika deer. The aim of this study was to clarify potential vectors of Bartonella in Japanese sika deer. METHODS: Thirty-eight wingless deer keds (L. fortisetosa) and 36 ticks (Haemaphysalis and Ixodes species) were collected from sika deer. The prevalence of Bartonella in the arthropods was evaluated by real-time PCR targeting the 16S−23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and by culture of the organisms. The total number of Bartonella bacteria were quantified using real-time PCR. The distribution of Bartonella bacteria in deer ked organs was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. The relationship of Bartonella strains isolated from sika deer and arthropods were examined by a phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of the gltA, rpoB, ftsZ, and ribC genes, followed by a BLAST search for gltA and rpoB. RESULTS: Bartonella prevalence in deer keds was 87.9% by real-time PCR and 51.5% in culture and that in the ticks was 8.3% by real-time PCR and 2.8% in culture. The mean number of Bartonella bacteria per ked was calculated to be 9.2 × 10(5) cells. Bartonella aggregates were localized in the midgut of the keds. The phylogenetic analysis and BLAST search showed that both the host deer and the keds harbored two Bartonella species (lineages B and C), while B. capreoli (lineage A) was not detected in the keds. Two novel Bartonella species (lineages D and E) were isolated from one ked. CONCLUSIONS: Lipoptena fortisetosa likely serves as a vector of at least two Bartonella species (lineages B and C), whereas ticks do not seem to play a significant role in the transmission of Bartonella between sika deer based on the lower detection rates of Bartonella in ticks compared to keds. Bartonella species in lineages D and E appear to be L. fortisetosa-specific strains. [Image: see text] BioMed Central 2021-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7821476/ /pubmed/33482884 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04585-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Sato, Shingo
Kabeya, Hidenori
Ishiguro, Sayuri
Shibasaki, Yasuhiro
Maruyama, Soichi
Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
title Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
title_full Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
title_fullStr Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
title_full_unstemmed Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
title_short Lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of Bartonella bacteria in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon)
title_sort lipoptena fortisetosa as a vector of bartonella bacteria in japanese sika deer (cervus nippon)
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33482884
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04585-w
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