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Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair
In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Compar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821927/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010001 |
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author | Chalmpes, Nikolaos Bourlinos, Athanasios B. Talande, Smita Bakandritsos, Aristides Moschovas, Dimitrios Avgeropoulos, Apostolos Karakassides, Michael A. Gournis, Dimitrios |
author_facet | Chalmpes, Nikolaos Bourlinos, Athanasios B. Talande, Smita Bakandritsos, Aristides Moschovas, Dimitrios Avgeropoulos, Apostolos Karakassides, Michael A. Gournis, Dimitrios |
author_sort | Chalmpes, Nikolaos |
collection | PubMed |
description | In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7821927 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78219272021-01-23 Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair Chalmpes, Nikolaos Bourlinos, Athanasios B. Talande, Smita Bakandritsos, Aristides Moschovas, Dimitrios Avgeropoulos, Apostolos Karakassides, Michael A. Gournis, Dimitrios Nanomaterials (Basel) Article In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels. MDPI 2020-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7821927/ /pubmed/33374901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010001 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chalmpes, Nikolaos Bourlinos, Athanasios B. Talande, Smita Bakandritsos, Aristides Moschovas, Dimitrios Avgeropoulos, Apostolos Karakassides, Michael A. Gournis, Dimitrios Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair |
title | Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair |
title_full | Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair |
title_fullStr | Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair |
title_short | Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair |
title_sort | nanocarbon from rocket fuel waste: the case of furfuryl alcohol-fuming nitric acid hypergolic pair |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821927/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010001 |
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