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Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing’s a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the patient...

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Autores principales: Karmakar, Deepmala, Lahiri, Basudev, Ranjan, Piyush, Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy, Lahiri, Pooja, Sengupta, Sanghamitra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374748
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010005
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author Karmakar, Deepmala
Lahiri, Basudev
Ranjan, Piyush
Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy
Lahiri, Pooja
Sengupta, Sanghamitra
author_facet Karmakar, Deepmala
Lahiri, Basudev
Ranjan, Piyush
Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy
Lahiri, Pooja
Sengupta, Sanghamitra
author_sort Karmakar, Deepmala
collection PubMed
description SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing’s a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display undetectable to mild inflammation confined in the upper respiratory tract. In remaining patients, the disease turns into a severe form affecting almost all major organs predominantly due to an imbalance of innate and adaptive arms of host immunity. The purpose of the present review is to narrate the virus’s invasion through the system and the host’s reaction. A thorough discussion on disease severity is also presented regarding the behavior of the host’s immune system, which gives rise to the cytokine storm particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. A multifaceted yet concise description of molecular aspects of disease progression and its repercussion on biochemical and immunological features in infected patients is tabulated. The summary of pathological, clinical, immunological, and molecular accounts discussed in this review is of theranostic importance to clinicians for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and its management.
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spelling pubmed-78235232021-01-24 Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity Karmakar, Deepmala Lahiri, Basudev Ranjan, Piyush Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy Lahiri, Pooja Sengupta, Sanghamitra Pathogens Review SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing’s a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display undetectable to mild inflammation confined in the upper respiratory tract. In remaining patients, the disease turns into a severe form affecting almost all major organs predominantly due to an imbalance of innate and adaptive arms of host immunity. The purpose of the present review is to narrate the virus’s invasion through the system and the host’s reaction. A thorough discussion on disease severity is also presented regarding the behavior of the host’s immune system, which gives rise to the cytokine storm particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. A multifaceted yet concise description of molecular aspects of disease progression and its repercussion on biochemical and immunological features in infected patients is tabulated. The summary of pathological, clinical, immunological, and molecular accounts discussed in this review is of theranostic importance to clinicians for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and its management. MDPI 2020-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7823523/ /pubmed/33374748 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010005 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Karmakar, Deepmala
Lahiri, Basudev
Ranjan, Piyush
Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy
Lahiri, Pooja
Sengupta, Sanghamitra
Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
title Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
title_full Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
title_fullStr Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
title_full_unstemmed Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
title_short Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
title_sort road map to understanding sars-cov-2 clinico-immunopathology and covid-19 disease severity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33374748
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010005
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