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The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823525/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010064 |
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author | Tisi, Annamaria Feligioni, Marco Passacantando, Maurizio Ciancaglini, Marco Maccarone, Rita |
author_facet | Tisi, Annamaria Feligioni, Marco Passacantando, Maurizio Ciancaglini, Marco Maccarone, Rita |
author_sort | Tisi, Annamaria |
collection | PubMed |
description | The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7823525 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78235252021-01-24 The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Tisi, Annamaria Feligioni, Marco Passacantando, Maurizio Ciancaglini, Marco Maccarone, Rita Cells Review The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD. MDPI 2021-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7823525/ /pubmed/33406612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010064 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tisi, Annamaria Feligioni, Marco Passacantando, Maurizio Ciancaglini, Marco Maccarone, Rita The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title | The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_full | The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_short | The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
title_sort | impact of oxidative stress on blood-retinal barrier physiology in age-related macular degeneration |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823525/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406612 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010064 |
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