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Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease

The microbiome lies at the forefront of scientific research, as researchers work to uncover its mysterious influence on human development and disease. This paper reviews how the microbiome is studied, how researchers can improve its study, and what clinical applications microbiome research might yie...

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Autores principales: Weinstein, Noah, Garten, Brandon, Vainer, Jonathan, Minaya, Dulce, Czaja, Krzysztof
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823600/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33383647
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010074
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author Weinstein, Noah
Garten, Brandon
Vainer, Jonathan
Minaya, Dulce
Czaja, Krzysztof
author_facet Weinstein, Noah
Garten, Brandon
Vainer, Jonathan
Minaya, Dulce
Czaja, Krzysztof
author_sort Weinstein, Noah
collection PubMed
description The microbiome lies at the forefront of scientific research, as researchers work to uncover its mysterious influence on human development and disease. This paper reviews how the microbiome is studied, how researchers can improve its study, and what clinical applications microbiome research might yield. For this review, we analyzed studies concerning the role of the microbiome in disease and early development, the common methodologies by which the microbiome is researched in the lab, and modern clinical treatments for dysbiosis and their possible future applications. We found that the gut microbiome is essential for proper development of various physiological systems and that gut dysbiosis is a clear factor in the etiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we found that germ-free animal models and microbiome manipulation techniques are inadequate, reducing the efficacy of microbiome research. Nonetheless, research continues to show the significance of microbiome manipulation in the clinical treatment of disease, having shown great promise in the prevention and treatment of dysbiosis. Though the clinical applications of microbiome manipulation are currently limited, the significance of dysbiosis in the etiology of a wide array of diseases indicates the significance of this research and highlights the need for more effective research methods concerning the microbiome.
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spelling pubmed-78236002021-01-24 Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease Weinstein, Noah Garten, Brandon Vainer, Jonathan Minaya, Dulce Czaja, Krzysztof Nutrients Review The microbiome lies at the forefront of scientific research, as researchers work to uncover its mysterious influence on human development and disease. This paper reviews how the microbiome is studied, how researchers can improve its study, and what clinical applications microbiome research might yield. For this review, we analyzed studies concerning the role of the microbiome in disease and early development, the common methodologies by which the microbiome is researched in the lab, and modern clinical treatments for dysbiosis and their possible future applications. We found that the gut microbiome is essential for proper development of various physiological systems and that gut dysbiosis is a clear factor in the etiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we found that germ-free animal models and microbiome manipulation techniques are inadequate, reducing the efficacy of microbiome research. Nonetheless, research continues to show the significance of microbiome manipulation in the clinical treatment of disease, having shown great promise in the prevention and treatment of dysbiosis. Though the clinical applications of microbiome manipulation are currently limited, the significance of dysbiosis in the etiology of a wide array of diseases indicates the significance of this research and highlights the need for more effective research methods concerning the microbiome. MDPI 2020-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7823600/ /pubmed/33383647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010074 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Weinstein, Noah
Garten, Brandon
Vainer, Jonathan
Minaya, Dulce
Czaja, Krzysztof
Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease
title Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease
title_full Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease
title_fullStr Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease
title_full_unstemmed Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease
title_short Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease
title_sort managing the microbiome: how the gut influences development and disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823600/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33383647
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010074
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