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Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review

Postpartum psychoses are a severe form of postnatal mood disorders, affecting 1–2 in every 1000 deliveries. These episodes typically present as acute mania or depression with psychosis within the first few weeks of childbirth, which, as life-threatening psychiatric emergencies, can have a significan...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Perry, Amy, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Jones, Lisa, Jones, Ian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824357/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010047
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author Perry, Amy
Gordon-Smith, Katherine
Jones, Lisa
Jones, Ian
author_facet Perry, Amy
Gordon-Smith, Katherine
Jones, Lisa
Jones, Ian
author_sort Perry, Amy
collection PubMed
description Postpartum psychoses are a severe form of postnatal mood disorders, affecting 1–2 in every 1000 deliveries. These episodes typically present as acute mania or depression with psychosis within the first few weeks of childbirth, which, as life-threatening psychiatric emergencies, can have a significant adverse impact on the mother, baby and wider family. The nosological status of postpartum psychosis remains contentious; however, evidence indicates most episodes to be manifestations of bipolar disorder and a vulnerability to a puerperal trigger. While childbirth appears to be a potent trigger of severe mood disorders, the precise mechanisms by which postpartum psychosis occurs are poorly understood. This review examines the current evidence with respect to potential aetiology and childbirth-related triggers of postpartum psychosis. Findings to date have implicated neurobiological factors, such as hormones, immunological dysregulation, circadian rhythm disruption and genetics, to be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Prediction models, informed by prospective cohort studies of high-risk women, are required to identify those at greatest risk of postpartum psychosis.
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spelling pubmed-78243572021-01-24 Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review Perry, Amy Gordon-Smith, Katherine Jones, Lisa Jones, Ian Brain Sci Review Postpartum psychoses are a severe form of postnatal mood disorders, affecting 1–2 in every 1000 deliveries. These episodes typically present as acute mania or depression with psychosis within the first few weeks of childbirth, which, as life-threatening psychiatric emergencies, can have a significant adverse impact on the mother, baby and wider family. The nosological status of postpartum psychosis remains contentious; however, evidence indicates most episodes to be manifestations of bipolar disorder and a vulnerability to a puerperal trigger. While childbirth appears to be a potent trigger of severe mood disorders, the precise mechanisms by which postpartum psychosis occurs are poorly understood. This review examines the current evidence with respect to potential aetiology and childbirth-related triggers of postpartum psychosis. Findings to date have implicated neurobiological factors, such as hormones, immunological dysregulation, circadian rhythm disruption and genetics, to be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Prediction models, informed by prospective cohort studies of high-risk women, are required to identify those at greatest risk of postpartum psychosis. MDPI 2021-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7824357/ /pubmed/33406713 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010047 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Perry, Amy
Gordon-Smith, Katherine
Jones, Lisa
Jones, Ian
Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
title Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
title_full Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
title_fullStr Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
title_short Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
title_sort phenomenology, epidemiology and aetiology of postpartum psychosis: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824357/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406713
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010047
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