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Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies
We previously demonstrated, using the Piry virus model, that environmental enrichment promotes higher T-cell infiltration, fewer microglial changes, and faster central nervous system (CNS) virus clearance in adult mice. However, little is known about disease progression, behavioral changes, CNS cyto...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010048 |
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author | Freitas, Priscilla dos Santos Lieuthier Lima, Ana Victória de Lima Carvalho, Karina Glazianne Barbosa Cabral, Tatyane da Silva de Farias, Alexandre Maia Rodrigues, Ana Paula Drummond Diniz, Daniel Guerreiro Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley Diniz Júnior, José Antônio Picanço |
author_facet | Freitas, Priscilla dos Santos Lieuthier Lima, Ana Victória de Lima Carvalho, Karina Glazianne Barbosa Cabral, Tatyane da Silva de Farias, Alexandre Maia Rodrigues, Ana Paula Drummond Diniz, Daniel Guerreiro Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley Diniz Júnior, José Antônio Picanço |
author_sort | Freitas, Priscilla dos Santos Lieuthier |
collection | PubMed |
description | We previously demonstrated, using the Piry virus model, that environmental enrichment promotes higher T-cell infiltration, fewer microglial changes, and faster central nervous system (CNS) virus clearance in adult mice. However, little is known about disease progression, behavioral changes, CNS cytokine concentration, and neuropathology in limbic encephalitis in experimental models. Using Cocal virus, we infected C57Bl6 adult mice and studied the neuroanatomical distribution of viral antigens in correlation with the microglial morphological response, measured the CNS cytokine concentration, and assessed behavioral changes. C57Bl6 adult mice were maintained in an impoverished environment (IE) or enriched environment (EE) for four months and then subjected to the open field test. Afterwards, an equal volume of normal or virus-infected brain homogenate was nasally instilled. The brains were processed to detect viral antigens and microglial morphological changes using selective immunolabeling. We demonstrated earlier significant weight loss and higher mortality in IE mice. Additionally, behavioral analysis revealed a significant influence of the environment on locomotor and exploratory activity that was associated with less neuroinvasion and a reduced microglial response. Thus, environmental enrichment was associated with a more effective immune response in a mouse model of limbic encephalitis, allowing faster viral clearance/decreased viral dissemination, reduced disease progression, and less CNS damage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7824630 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78246302021-01-24 Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies Freitas, Priscilla dos Santos Lieuthier Lima, Ana Victória de Lima Carvalho, Karina Glazianne Barbosa Cabral, Tatyane da Silva de Farias, Alexandre Maia Rodrigues, Ana Paula Drummond Diniz, Daniel Guerreiro Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley Diniz Júnior, José Antônio Picanço Viruses Article We previously demonstrated, using the Piry virus model, that environmental enrichment promotes higher T-cell infiltration, fewer microglial changes, and faster central nervous system (CNS) virus clearance in adult mice. However, little is known about disease progression, behavioral changes, CNS cytokine concentration, and neuropathology in limbic encephalitis in experimental models. Using Cocal virus, we infected C57Bl6 adult mice and studied the neuroanatomical distribution of viral antigens in correlation with the microglial morphological response, measured the CNS cytokine concentration, and assessed behavioral changes. C57Bl6 adult mice were maintained in an impoverished environment (IE) or enriched environment (EE) for four months and then subjected to the open field test. Afterwards, an equal volume of normal or virus-infected brain homogenate was nasally instilled. The brains were processed to detect viral antigens and microglial morphological changes using selective immunolabeling. We demonstrated earlier significant weight loss and higher mortality in IE mice. Additionally, behavioral analysis revealed a significant influence of the environment on locomotor and exploratory activity that was associated with less neuroinvasion and a reduced microglial response. Thus, environmental enrichment was associated with a more effective immune response in a mouse model of limbic encephalitis, allowing faster viral clearance/decreased viral dissemination, reduced disease progression, and less CNS damage. MDPI 2020-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7824630/ /pubmed/33396704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010048 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Freitas, Priscilla dos Santos Lieuthier Lima, Ana Victória de Lima Carvalho, Karina Glazianne Barbosa Cabral, Tatyane da Silva de Farias, Alexandre Maia Rodrigues, Ana Paula Drummond Diniz, Daniel Guerreiro Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley Diniz Júnior, José Antônio Picanço Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies |
title | Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies |
title_full | Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies |
title_fullStr | Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies |
title_short | Limbic Encephalitis Brain Damage Induced by Cocal Virus in Adult Mice Is Reduced by Environmental Enrichment: Neuropathological and Behavioral Studies |
title_sort | limbic encephalitis brain damage induced by cocal virus in adult mice is reduced by environmental enrichment: neuropathological and behavioral studies |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7824630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33396704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010048 |
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