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The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19

Enteric symptomology seen in early-stage severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-2003 and COVID-19 is evidence of virus replication occurring in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Aberrant lipid metabolism in morbidly obese individuals adversely affects the COVID-19 immune response and increases di...

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Autores principales: Tanner, Jerome E., Alfieri, Caroline
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826519/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33440724
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010090
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author Tanner, Jerome E.
Alfieri, Caroline
author_facet Tanner, Jerome E.
Alfieri, Caroline
author_sort Tanner, Jerome E.
collection PubMed
description Enteric symptomology seen in early-stage severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-2003 and COVID-19 is evidence of virus replication occurring in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Aberrant lipid metabolism in morbidly obese individuals adversely affects the COVID-19 immune response and increases disease severity. Such observations are in line with the importance of lipid metabolism in COVID-19, and point to the gut as a site for intervention as well as a therapeutic target in treating the disease. Formation of complex lipid membranes and palmitoylation of coronavirus proteins are essential during viral replication and assembly. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and restoration of lipid catabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) impede replication of coronaviruses closely related to SARS-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2). In vitro findings and clinical data reveal that the FASN inhibitor, orlistat, and the AMPK activator, metformin, may inhibit coronavirus replication and reduce systemic inflammation to restore immune homeostasis. Such observations, along with the known mechanisms of action for these types of drugs, suggest that targeting fatty acid lipid metabolism could directly inhibit virus replication while positively impacting the patient’s response to COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-78265192021-01-25 The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19 Tanner, Jerome E. Alfieri, Caroline Viruses Review Enteric symptomology seen in early-stage severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-2003 and COVID-19 is evidence of virus replication occurring in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Aberrant lipid metabolism in morbidly obese individuals adversely affects the COVID-19 immune response and increases disease severity. Such observations are in line with the importance of lipid metabolism in COVID-19, and point to the gut as a site for intervention as well as a therapeutic target in treating the disease. Formation of complex lipid membranes and palmitoylation of coronavirus proteins are essential during viral replication and assembly. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and restoration of lipid catabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) impede replication of coronaviruses closely related to SARS-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2). In vitro findings and clinical data reveal that the FASN inhibitor, orlistat, and the AMPK activator, metformin, may inhibit coronavirus replication and reduce systemic inflammation to restore immune homeostasis. Such observations, along with the known mechanisms of action for these types of drugs, suggest that targeting fatty acid lipid metabolism could directly inhibit virus replication while positively impacting the patient’s response to COVID-19. MDPI 2021-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7826519/ /pubmed/33440724 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010090 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tanner, Jerome E.
Alfieri, Caroline
The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19
title The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19
title_full The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19
title_fullStr The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19
title_short The Fatty Acid Lipid Metabolism Nexus in COVID-19
title_sort fatty acid lipid metabolism nexus in covid-19
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826519/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33440724
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010090
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