An Odor Labeling Convolutional Encoder–Decoder for Odor Sensing in Machine Olfaction

Deep learning methods have been widely applied to visual and acoustic technology. In this paper, we propose an odor labeling convolutional encoder–decoder (OLCE) for odor identification in machine olfaction. OLCE composes a convolutional neural network encoder and decoder where the encoder output is constrained to odor labels. An electronic nose was used for the data collection of gas responses followed by a normative experimental procedure. Several evaluation indexes were calculated to evaluate the algorithm effectiveness: accuracy [Formula: see text] , precision [Formula: see text] , recall rate [Formula: see text] , F1-Score [Formula: see text] , and Kappa coefficient [Formula: see text]. We also compared the model with some algorithms used in machine olfaction. The comparison result demonstrated that OLCE had the best performance among these algorithms.