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Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration

The electronic tongue (e-tongue) is an advanced sensor-based device capable of detecting low concentration differences in solutions. It could have unparalleled advantages for meat quality control, but the challenges of standardized meat extraction methods represent a backdrop that has led to its sca...

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Autores principales: Zaukuu, John-Lewis Zinia, Gillay, Zoltan, Kovacs, Zoltan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020481
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author Zaukuu, John-Lewis Zinia
Gillay, Zoltan
Kovacs, Zoltan
author_facet Zaukuu, John-Lewis Zinia
Gillay, Zoltan
Kovacs, Zoltan
author_sort Zaukuu, John-Lewis Zinia
collection PubMed
description The electronic tongue (e-tongue) is an advanced sensor-based device capable of detecting low concentration differences in solutions. It could have unparalleled advantages for meat quality control, but the challenges of standardized meat extraction methods represent a backdrop that has led to its scanty application in the meat industry. This study aimed to determine the optimal dilution level of meat extract for e-tongue evaluations and also to develop three standardized meat extraction methods. For practicality, the developed methods were applied to detect low levels of meat adulteration using beef and pork mixtures and turkey and chicken mixtures as case studies. Dilution factor of 1% w/v of liquid meat extract was determined to be the optimum for discriminating 1% w/w, 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 20% w/w chicken in turkey and pork in beef with linear discriminant analysis accuracies (LDA) of 78.13% (recognition) and 64.73% (validation). Even higher LDA accuracies of 89.62% (recognition) and 68.77% (validation) were achieved for discriminating 1% w/w, 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 20% w/w of pork in beef. Partial least square models could predict both sets of meat mixtures with good accuracies. Extraction by cooking was the best method for discriminating meat mixtures and can be applied for meat quality evaluations with the e-tongue.
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spelling pubmed-78271372021-01-25 Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration Zaukuu, John-Lewis Zinia Gillay, Zoltan Kovacs, Zoltan Sensors (Basel) Article The electronic tongue (e-tongue) is an advanced sensor-based device capable of detecting low concentration differences in solutions. It could have unparalleled advantages for meat quality control, but the challenges of standardized meat extraction methods represent a backdrop that has led to its scanty application in the meat industry. This study aimed to determine the optimal dilution level of meat extract for e-tongue evaluations and also to develop three standardized meat extraction methods. For practicality, the developed methods were applied to detect low levels of meat adulteration using beef and pork mixtures and turkey and chicken mixtures as case studies. Dilution factor of 1% w/v of liquid meat extract was determined to be the optimum for discriminating 1% w/w, 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 20% w/w chicken in turkey and pork in beef with linear discriminant analysis accuracies (LDA) of 78.13% (recognition) and 64.73% (validation). Even higher LDA accuracies of 89.62% (recognition) and 68.77% (validation) were achieved for discriminating 1% w/w, 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 20% w/w of pork in beef. Partial least square models could predict both sets of meat mixtures with good accuracies. Extraction by cooking was the best method for discriminating meat mixtures and can be applied for meat quality evaluations with the e-tongue. MDPI 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7827137/ /pubmed/33445458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020481 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zaukuu, John-Lewis Zinia
Gillay, Zoltan
Kovacs, Zoltan
Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration
title Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration
title_full Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration
title_fullStr Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration
title_full_unstemmed Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration
title_short Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration
title_sort standardized extraction techniques for meat analysis with the electronic tongue: a case study of poultry and red meat adulteration
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827137/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020481
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