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Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases

Ribonuclease Dicer belongs to the family of RNase III endoribonucleases, the enzymes that specifically hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds found in double-stranded regions of RNAs. Dicer enzymes are mostly known for their essential role in the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs. A typical Dicer-type RNa...

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Autores principales: Ciechanowska, Kinga, Pokornowska, Maria, Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, Anna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33435485
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020616
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author Ciechanowska, Kinga
Pokornowska, Maria
Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, Anna
author_facet Ciechanowska, Kinga
Pokornowska, Maria
Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, Anna
author_sort Ciechanowska, Kinga
collection PubMed
description Ribonuclease Dicer belongs to the family of RNase III endoribonucleases, the enzymes that specifically hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds found in double-stranded regions of RNAs. Dicer enzymes are mostly known for their essential role in the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs. A typical Dicer-type RNase consists of a helicase domain, a domain of unknown function (DUF283), a PAZ (Piwi-Argonaute-Zwille) domain, two RNase III domains, and a double-stranded RNA binding domain; however, the domain composition of Dicers varies among species. Dicer and its homologues developed only in eukaryotes; nevertheless, the two enzymatic domains of Dicer, helicase and RNase III, display high sequence similarity to their prokaryotic orthologs. Evolutionary studies indicate that a combination of the helicase and RNase III domains in a single protein is a eukaryotic signature and is supposed to be one of the critical events that triggered the consolidation of the eukaryotic RNA interference. In this review, we provide the genetic insight into the domain organization and structure of Dicer proteins found in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants and fungi. We also discuss, in the context of the individual domains, domain deletion variants and partner proteins, a variety of Dicers’ functions not only related to small RNA biogenesis pathways.
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spelling pubmed-78271602021-01-25 Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases Ciechanowska, Kinga Pokornowska, Maria Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, Anna Int J Mol Sci Review Ribonuclease Dicer belongs to the family of RNase III endoribonucleases, the enzymes that specifically hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds found in double-stranded regions of RNAs. Dicer enzymes are mostly known for their essential role in the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs. A typical Dicer-type RNase consists of a helicase domain, a domain of unknown function (DUF283), a PAZ (Piwi-Argonaute-Zwille) domain, two RNase III domains, and a double-stranded RNA binding domain; however, the domain composition of Dicers varies among species. Dicer and its homologues developed only in eukaryotes; nevertheless, the two enzymatic domains of Dicer, helicase and RNase III, display high sequence similarity to their prokaryotic orthologs. Evolutionary studies indicate that a combination of the helicase and RNase III domains in a single protein is a eukaryotic signature and is supposed to be one of the critical events that triggered the consolidation of the eukaryotic RNA interference. In this review, we provide the genetic insight into the domain organization and structure of Dicer proteins found in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants and fungi. We also discuss, in the context of the individual domains, domain deletion variants and partner proteins, a variety of Dicers’ functions not only related to small RNA biogenesis pathways. MDPI 2021-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7827160/ /pubmed/33435485 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020616 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ciechanowska, Kinga
Pokornowska, Maria
Kurzyńska-Kokorniak, Anna
Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases
title Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases
title_full Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases
title_fullStr Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases
title_full_unstemmed Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases
title_short Genetic Insight into the Domain Structure and Functions of Dicer-Type Ribonucleases
title_sort genetic insight into the domain structure and functions of dicer-type ribonucleases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33435485
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020616
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