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Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage
Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by trans...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827208/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33440708 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020644 |
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author | Sim, Hyejin Lee, Tae-Kyeong Yoo, Yeon Ho Ahn, Ji Hyeon Kim, Dae Won Kim, Bora Lee, Jae-Chul Park, Joon Ha Lim, Soon-Sung Park, Jung-Seok Kang, Il Jun Kim, Young-Myeong Shin, Myoung Cheol Cho, Jun Hwi Park, Yoonsoo Won, Moo-Ho |
author_facet | Sim, Hyejin Lee, Tae-Kyeong Yoo, Yeon Ho Ahn, Ji Hyeon Kim, Dae Won Kim, Bora Lee, Jae-Chul Park, Joon Ha Lim, Soon-Sung Park, Jung-Seok Kang, Il Jun Kim, Young-Myeong Shin, Myoung Cheol Cho, Jun Hwi Park, Yoonsoo Won, Moo-Ho |
author_sort | Sim, Hyejin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7827208 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78272082021-01-25 Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage Sim, Hyejin Lee, Tae-Kyeong Yoo, Yeon Ho Ahn, Ji Hyeon Kim, Dae Won Kim, Bora Lee, Jae-Chul Park, Joon Ha Lim, Soon-Sung Park, Jung-Seok Kang, Il Jun Kim, Young-Myeong Shin, Myoung Cheol Cho, Jun Hwi Park, Yoonsoo Won, Moo-Ho Int J Mol Sci Article Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults. MDPI 2021-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7827208/ /pubmed/33440708 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020644 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sim, Hyejin Lee, Tae-Kyeong Yoo, Yeon Ho Ahn, Ji Hyeon Kim, Dae Won Kim, Bora Lee, Jae-Chul Park, Joon Ha Lim, Soon-Sung Park, Jung-Seok Kang, Il Jun Kim, Young-Myeong Shin, Myoung Cheol Cho, Jun Hwi Park, Yoonsoo Won, Moo-Ho Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
title | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
title_full | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
title_fullStr | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
title_full_unstemmed | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
title_short | Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage |
title_sort | increased calbindin d28k expression via long-term alternate-day fasting does not protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury: a focus on delayed neuronal death, gliosis and immunoglobulin g leakage |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827208/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33440708 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020644 |
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