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An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

Interest in the potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) began in the 1940s and was amplified by a subsequent landmark trial showing reduced CV disease (CVD) risk following acute myocardial infarction. Since that time, however, much controversy has circulat...

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Autores principales: Elagizi, Andrew, Lavie, Carl J., O’Keefe, Evan, Marshall, Keri, O’Keefe, James H., Milani, Richard V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827286/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010204
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author Elagizi, Andrew
Lavie, Carl J.
O’Keefe, Evan
Marshall, Keri
O’Keefe, James H.
Milani, Richard V.
author_facet Elagizi, Andrew
Lavie, Carl J.
O’Keefe, Evan
Marshall, Keri
O’Keefe, James H.
Milani, Richard V.
author_sort Elagizi, Andrew
collection PubMed
description Interest in the potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) began in the 1940s and was amplified by a subsequent landmark trial showing reduced CV disease (CVD) risk following acute myocardial infarction. Since that time, however, much controversy has circulated due to discordant results among several studies and even meta-analyses. Then, in 2018, three more large, randomized trials were released—these too with discordant findings regarding the overall benefits of Ω-3 therapy. Interestingly, the trial that used a higher dose (4 g/day highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) found a remarkable, statistically significant reduction in CVD events. It was proposed that insufficient Ω-3 dosing (<1 g/day EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), as well as patients aggressively treated with multiple other effective medical therapies, may explain the conflicting results of Ω-3 therapy in controlled trials. We have thus reviewed the current evidence regarding Ω-3 and CV health, put forth potential reasoning for discrepant results in the literature, highlighted critical concepts such as measuring blood levels of Ω-3 with a dedicated Ω-3 index and addressed current recommendations as suggested by health care professional societies and recent significant scientific data.
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spelling pubmed-78272862021-01-25 An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health Elagizi, Andrew Lavie, Carl J. O’Keefe, Evan Marshall, Keri O’Keefe, James H. Milani, Richard V. Nutrients Review Interest in the potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) began in the 1940s and was amplified by a subsequent landmark trial showing reduced CV disease (CVD) risk following acute myocardial infarction. Since that time, however, much controversy has circulated due to discordant results among several studies and even meta-analyses. Then, in 2018, three more large, randomized trials were released—these too with discordant findings regarding the overall benefits of Ω-3 therapy. Interestingly, the trial that used a higher dose (4 g/day highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) found a remarkable, statistically significant reduction in CVD events. It was proposed that insufficient Ω-3 dosing (<1 g/day EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), as well as patients aggressively treated with multiple other effective medical therapies, may explain the conflicting results of Ω-3 therapy in controlled trials. We have thus reviewed the current evidence regarding Ω-3 and CV health, put forth potential reasoning for discrepant results in the literature, highlighted critical concepts such as measuring blood levels of Ω-3 with a dedicated Ω-3 index and addressed current recommendations as suggested by health care professional societies and recent significant scientific data. MDPI 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7827286/ /pubmed/33445534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010204 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Elagizi, Andrew
Lavie, Carl J.
O’Keefe, Evan
Marshall, Keri
O’Keefe, James H.
Milani, Richard V.
An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
title An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
title_full An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
title_fullStr An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
title_full_unstemmed An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
title_short An Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health
title_sort update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular health
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827286/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010204
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