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Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone
Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the pituitary gland, and in addition to its classical functions of regulating height, protein synthesis, tissue growth, and cell proliferation, GH exerts profound effects on metabolism. In this regard, GH stimulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and antagonizes...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827386/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33440789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010129 |
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author | Donato, Jose Wasinski, Frederick Furigo, Isadora C. Metzger, Martin Frazão, Renata |
author_facet | Donato, Jose Wasinski, Frederick Furigo, Isadora C. Metzger, Martin Frazão, Renata |
author_sort | Donato, Jose |
collection | PubMed |
description | Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the pituitary gland, and in addition to its classical functions of regulating height, protein synthesis, tissue growth, and cell proliferation, GH exerts profound effects on metabolism. In this regard, GH stimulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and antagonizes insulin’s effects on glycemic control. During the last decade, a wide distribution of GH-responsive neurons were identified in numerous brain areas, especially in hypothalamic nuclei, that control metabolism. The specific role of GH action in different neuronal populations is now starting to be uncovered, and so far, it indicates that the brain is an important target of GH for the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and glycemia and neuroendocrine changes, particularly in response to different forms of metabolic stress such as glucoprivation, food restriction, and physical exercise. The objective of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential role of GH action in the brain for the regulation of different metabolic aspects. The findings gathered here allow us to suggest that GH represents a hormonal factor that conveys homeostatic information to the brain to produce metabolic adjustments in order to promote energy homeostasis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7827386 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78273862021-01-25 Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone Donato, Jose Wasinski, Frederick Furigo, Isadora C. Metzger, Martin Frazão, Renata Cells Review Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the pituitary gland, and in addition to its classical functions of regulating height, protein synthesis, tissue growth, and cell proliferation, GH exerts profound effects on metabolism. In this regard, GH stimulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and antagonizes insulin’s effects on glycemic control. During the last decade, a wide distribution of GH-responsive neurons were identified in numerous brain areas, especially in hypothalamic nuclei, that control metabolism. The specific role of GH action in different neuronal populations is now starting to be uncovered, and so far, it indicates that the brain is an important target of GH for the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and glycemia and neuroendocrine changes, particularly in response to different forms of metabolic stress such as glucoprivation, food restriction, and physical exercise. The objective of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential role of GH action in the brain for the regulation of different metabolic aspects. The findings gathered here allow us to suggest that GH represents a hormonal factor that conveys homeostatic information to the brain to produce metabolic adjustments in order to promote energy homeostasis. MDPI 2021-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7827386/ /pubmed/33440789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010129 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Donato, Jose Wasinski, Frederick Furigo, Isadora C. Metzger, Martin Frazão, Renata Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone |
title | Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone |
title_full | Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone |
title_fullStr | Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone |
title_full_unstemmed | Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone |
title_short | Central Regulation of Metabolism by Growth Hormone |
title_sort | central regulation of metabolism by growth hormone |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827386/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33440789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010129 |
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