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A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not
Body weight loss, mostly due to the wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is the hallmark of the so-called cachexia syndrome. Cachexia is associated with several acute and chronic disease states such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart and kidney failure, and acqu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828214/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010116 |
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author | Berardi, Emanuele Madaro, Luca Lozanoska-Ochser, Biliana Adamo, Sergio Thorrez, Lieven Bouche, Marina Coletti, Dario |
author_facet | Berardi, Emanuele Madaro, Luca Lozanoska-Ochser, Biliana Adamo, Sergio Thorrez, Lieven Bouche, Marina Coletti, Dario |
author_sort | Berardi, Emanuele |
collection | PubMed |
description | Body weight loss, mostly due to the wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is the hallmark of the so-called cachexia syndrome. Cachexia is associated with several acute and chronic disease states such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart and kidney failure, and acquired and autoimmune diseases and also pharmacological treatments such as chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of cachexia and its impact on patients’ quality of life has been neglected for decades. Only recently did the international community agree upon a definition of the term cachexia, and we are still awaiting the standardization of markers and tests for the diagnosis and staging of cancer-related cachexia. In this review, we discuss cachexia, considering the evolving use of the term for diagnostic purposes and the implications it has for clinical biomarkers, to provide a comprehensive overview of its biology and clinical management. Advances and tools developed so far for the in vitro testing of cachexia and drug screening will be described. We will also evaluate the nomenclature of different forms of muscle wasting and degeneration and discuss features that distinguish cachexia from other forms of muscle wasting in the context of different conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7828214 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78282142021-01-25 A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not Berardi, Emanuele Madaro, Luca Lozanoska-Ochser, Biliana Adamo, Sergio Thorrez, Lieven Bouche, Marina Coletti, Dario Diagnostics (Basel) Review Body weight loss, mostly due to the wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is the hallmark of the so-called cachexia syndrome. Cachexia is associated with several acute and chronic disease states such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart and kidney failure, and acquired and autoimmune diseases and also pharmacological treatments such as chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of cachexia and its impact on patients’ quality of life has been neglected for decades. Only recently did the international community agree upon a definition of the term cachexia, and we are still awaiting the standardization of markers and tests for the diagnosis and staging of cancer-related cachexia. In this review, we discuss cachexia, considering the evolving use of the term for diagnostic purposes and the implications it has for clinical biomarkers, to provide a comprehensive overview of its biology and clinical management. Advances and tools developed so far for the in vitro testing of cachexia and drug screening will be described. We will also evaluate the nomenclature of different forms of muscle wasting and degeneration and discuss features that distinguish cachexia from other forms of muscle wasting in the context of different conditions. MDPI 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7828214/ /pubmed/33445790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010116 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Berardi, Emanuele Madaro, Luca Lozanoska-Ochser, Biliana Adamo, Sergio Thorrez, Lieven Bouche, Marina Coletti, Dario A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not |
title | A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not |
title_full | A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not |
title_fullStr | A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not |
title_full_unstemmed | A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not |
title_short | A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not |
title_sort | pound of flesh: what cachexia is and what it is not |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828214/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010116 |
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