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Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a serine/threonine-protein kinase complex highly conserved among eukaryotes, coordinates cellular growth and metabolism with environmental cues, including nutrients and growth factors. Aberrant TORC1 signaling is associated with cancers and various human diseas...

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Autores principales: Morozumi, Yuichi, Shiozaki, Kazuhiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010088
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author Morozumi, Yuichi
Shiozaki, Kazuhiro
author_facet Morozumi, Yuichi
Shiozaki, Kazuhiro
author_sort Morozumi, Yuichi
collection PubMed
description Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a serine/threonine-protein kinase complex highly conserved among eukaryotes, coordinates cellular growth and metabolism with environmental cues, including nutrients and growth factors. Aberrant TORC1 signaling is associated with cancers and various human diseases, and TORC1 also plays a key role in ageing and lifespan, urging current active research on the mechanisms of TORC1 regulation in a variety of model organisms. Identification and characterization of the RAG small GTPases as well as their regulators, many of which are highly conserved from yeast to humans, led to a series of breakthroughs in understanding the molecular bases of TORC1 regulation. Recruitment of mammalian TORC1 (mTORC1) by RAGs to lysosomal membranes is a key step for mTORC1 activation. Interestingly, the RAG GTPases in fission yeast are primarily responsible for attenuation of TORC1 activity on vacuoles, the yeast equivalent of lysosomes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the functions of TORC1 regulators on yeast vacuoles, and illustrate the conserved and divergent mechanisms of TORC1 regulation between yeasts and mammals.
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spelling pubmed-78282462021-01-25 Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals Morozumi, Yuichi Shiozaki, Kazuhiro Genes (Basel) Review Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a serine/threonine-protein kinase complex highly conserved among eukaryotes, coordinates cellular growth and metabolism with environmental cues, including nutrients and growth factors. Aberrant TORC1 signaling is associated with cancers and various human diseases, and TORC1 also plays a key role in ageing and lifespan, urging current active research on the mechanisms of TORC1 regulation in a variety of model organisms. Identification and characterization of the RAG small GTPases as well as their regulators, many of which are highly conserved from yeast to humans, led to a series of breakthroughs in understanding the molecular bases of TORC1 regulation. Recruitment of mammalian TORC1 (mTORC1) by RAGs to lysosomal membranes is a key step for mTORC1 activation. Interestingly, the RAG GTPases in fission yeast are primarily responsible for attenuation of TORC1 activity on vacuoles, the yeast equivalent of lysosomes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the functions of TORC1 regulators on yeast vacuoles, and illustrate the conserved and divergent mechanisms of TORC1 regulation between yeasts and mammals. MDPI 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7828246/ /pubmed/33445779 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010088 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Morozumi, Yuichi
Shiozaki, Kazuhiro
Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals
title Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals
title_full Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals
title_fullStr Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals
title_full_unstemmed Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals
title_short Conserved and Divergent Mechanisms That Control TORC1 in Yeasts and Mammals
title_sort conserved and divergent mechanisms that control torc1 in yeasts and mammals
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010088
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