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Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats

This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of an acidic methanol extract of purple rice husk on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. This purple rice husk extract (PRHE) had high polyphenol contents. Vanillic acid was a major phenolic compound in PRHE. Three major anthocyanins...

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Autores principales: Punvittayagul, Charatda, Chariyakornkul, Arpamas, Sankam, Paweena, Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445792
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020360
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author Punvittayagul, Charatda
Chariyakornkul, Arpamas
Sankam, Paweena
Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan
author_facet Punvittayagul, Charatda
Chariyakornkul, Arpamas
Sankam, Paweena
Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan
author_sort Punvittayagul, Charatda
collection PubMed
description This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of an acidic methanol extract of purple rice husk on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. This purple rice husk extract (PRHE) had high polyphenol contents. Vanillic acid was a major phenolic compound in PRHE. Three major anthocyanins found in PRHE were malvidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside. PRHE was not toxic and clastogenic in rats. The LD(50) of PRHE was greater than 2000 mg kg(−1) body weight (BW). The oral administration of 300 or 1000 mg kg(−1) BW of PRHE for 28 days significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats. The inhibitory mechanisms were associated with the reduction of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and induction of some detoxifying enzymes in the liver. In addition, treatment with 500 mg kg(−1) BW of PRHE for eight weeks did not induce preneoplastic lesions in the liver and colon. It significantly inhibited hepatic glutathione-S-transferase positive foci formation induced by diethylnitrosamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by suppression of hepatocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, PRHE did not present toxicity, clastogenicity or carcinogenicity in rats. It exhibited cancer chemopreventive properties against chemically induced early stages rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins and vanillic acid might be candidate anticarcinogenic compounds in purple rice husk.
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spelling pubmed-78282882021-01-25 Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats Punvittayagul, Charatda Chariyakornkul, Arpamas Sankam, Paweena Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan Molecules Article This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects of an acidic methanol extract of purple rice husk on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats. This purple rice husk extract (PRHE) had high polyphenol contents. Vanillic acid was a major phenolic compound in PRHE. Three major anthocyanins found in PRHE were malvidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside. PRHE was not toxic and clastogenic in rats. The LD(50) of PRHE was greater than 2000 mg kg(−1) body weight (BW). The oral administration of 300 or 1000 mg kg(−1) BW of PRHE for 28 days significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats. The inhibitory mechanisms were associated with the reduction of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression and induction of some detoxifying enzymes in the liver. In addition, treatment with 500 mg kg(−1) BW of PRHE for eight weeks did not induce preneoplastic lesions in the liver and colon. It significantly inhibited hepatic glutathione-S-transferase positive foci formation induced by diethylnitrosamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by suppression of hepatocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, PRHE did not present toxicity, clastogenicity or carcinogenicity in rats. It exhibited cancer chemopreventive properties against chemically induced early stages rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins and vanillic acid might be candidate anticarcinogenic compounds in purple rice husk. MDPI 2021-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7828288/ /pubmed/33445792 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020360 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Punvittayagul, Charatda
Chariyakornkul, Arpamas
Sankam, Paweena
Wongpoomchai, Rawiwan
Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats
title Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats
title_full Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats
title_fullStr Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats
title_full_unstemmed Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats
title_short Inhibitory Effect of Thai Purple Rice Husk Extract on Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Rats
title_sort inhibitory effect of thai purple rice husk extract on chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33445792
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020360
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