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Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions
Regulation of gene expression in any biological system is a complex process with many checkpoints at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. The control mechanism is mediated by various protein factors, secondary metabolites and a newly included regulatory member, i.e., n...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33450961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010049 |
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author | Anand, Asha Pandi, Gopal |
author_facet | Anand, Asha Pandi, Gopal |
author_sort | Anand, Asha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Regulation of gene expression in any biological system is a complex process with many checkpoints at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. The control mechanism is mediated by various protein factors, secondary metabolites and a newly included regulatory member, i.e., noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). It is known that ncRNAs modulate the mRNA or protein profiles of the cell depending on the degree of complementary and context of the microenvironment. In plants, ncRNAs are essential for growth and development in normal conditions by controlling various gene expressions and have emerged as a key player to guard plants during adverse conditions. In order to have smooth functioning of the plants under any environmental pressure, two very important DNA-harboring semi-autonomous organelles, namely, chloroplasts and mitochondria, are considered as main players. These organelles conduct the most crucial metabolic pathways that are required to maintain cell homeostasis. Thus, it is imperative to explore and envisage the molecular machineries responsible for gene regulation within the organelles and their coordination with nuclear transcripts. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on ncRNAs origination and their gene regulation in chloroplasts and plant mitochondria. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7828403 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78284032021-01-25 Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions Anand, Asha Pandi, Gopal Life (Basel) Review Regulation of gene expression in any biological system is a complex process with many checkpoints at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. The control mechanism is mediated by various protein factors, secondary metabolites and a newly included regulatory member, i.e., noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). It is known that ncRNAs modulate the mRNA or protein profiles of the cell depending on the degree of complementary and context of the microenvironment. In plants, ncRNAs are essential for growth and development in normal conditions by controlling various gene expressions and have emerged as a key player to guard plants during adverse conditions. In order to have smooth functioning of the plants under any environmental pressure, two very important DNA-harboring semi-autonomous organelles, namely, chloroplasts and mitochondria, are considered as main players. These organelles conduct the most crucial metabolic pathways that are required to maintain cell homeostasis. Thus, it is imperative to explore and envisage the molecular machineries responsible for gene regulation within the organelles and their coordination with nuclear transcripts. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on ncRNAs origination and their gene regulation in chloroplasts and plant mitochondria. MDPI 2021-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7828403/ /pubmed/33450961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010049 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Anand, Asha Pandi, Gopal Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions |
title | Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions |
title_full | Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions |
title_fullStr | Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions |
title_full_unstemmed | Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions |
title_short | Noncoding RNA: An Insight into Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Gene Expressions |
title_sort | noncoding rna: an insight into chloroplast and mitochondrial gene expressions |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33450961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010049 |
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