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Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming

Obesity represents a health problem resulting from a broken balance between energy intake and energy expenditure leading to excess fat accumulation. Elucidating molecular and cellular pathways beyond the establishment of obesity remains the main challenge facing the progress in understanding obesity...

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Autores principales: Ghanemi, Abdelaziz, Yoshioka, Mayumi, St-Amand, Jonny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33450943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010066
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author Ghanemi, Abdelaziz
Yoshioka, Mayumi
St-Amand, Jonny
author_facet Ghanemi, Abdelaziz
Yoshioka, Mayumi
St-Amand, Jonny
author_sort Ghanemi, Abdelaziz
collection PubMed
description Obesity represents a health problem resulting from a broken balance between energy intake and energy expenditure leading to excess fat accumulation. Elucidating molecular and cellular pathways beyond the establishment of obesity remains the main challenge facing the progress in understanding obesity and developing its treatment. Within this context, this opinion presents obesity as a reprogrammer of selected neurological and endocrine patterns in order to adapt to the new metabolic imbalance represented by obesity status. Indeed, during obesity development, the energy balance is shifted towards increased energy storage, mainly but not only, in adipose tissues. These new metabolic patterns that obesity represents require changes at different cellular and metabolic levels under the control of the neuroendocrine systems through different regulatory signals. Therefore, there are neuroendocrine changes involving diverse mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity and hormonal sensitivity, and, thus, the modifications in the neuroendocrine systems in terms of metabolic functions fit with the changes accompanying the obesity-induced metabolic phenotype. Such endocrine reprogramming can explain why it is challenging to lose weight once obesity is established, because it would mean to go against new endogenous metabolic references resulting from a new “setting” of energy metabolism-related neuroendocrine regulation. Investigating the concepts surrounding the classification of obesity as a neuroendocrine reprogrammer could optimize our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and, importantly, reveal some of the mysteries surrounding the molecular pathogenesis of obesity, as well as focusing the pharmacological search for antiobesity therapies on both neurobiology synaptic plasticity and hormonal interaction sensitivity.
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spelling pubmed-78284322021-01-25 Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming Ghanemi, Abdelaziz Yoshioka, Mayumi St-Amand, Jonny Medicina (Kaunas) Opinion Obesity represents a health problem resulting from a broken balance between energy intake and energy expenditure leading to excess fat accumulation. Elucidating molecular and cellular pathways beyond the establishment of obesity remains the main challenge facing the progress in understanding obesity and developing its treatment. Within this context, this opinion presents obesity as a reprogrammer of selected neurological and endocrine patterns in order to adapt to the new metabolic imbalance represented by obesity status. Indeed, during obesity development, the energy balance is shifted towards increased energy storage, mainly but not only, in adipose tissues. These new metabolic patterns that obesity represents require changes at different cellular and metabolic levels under the control of the neuroendocrine systems through different regulatory signals. Therefore, there are neuroendocrine changes involving diverse mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity and hormonal sensitivity, and, thus, the modifications in the neuroendocrine systems in terms of metabolic functions fit with the changes accompanying the obesity-induced metabolic phenotype. Such endocrine reprogramming can explain why it is challenging to lose weight once obesity is established, because it would mean to go against new endogenous metabolic references resulting from a new “setting” of energy metabolism-related neuroendocrine regulation. Investigating the concepts surrounding the classification of obesity as a neuroendocrine reprogrammer could optimize our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and, importantly, reveal some of the mysteries surrounding the molecular pathogenesis of obesity, as well as focusing the pharmacological search for antiobesity therapies on both neurobiology synaptic plasticity and hormonal interaction sensitivity. MDPI 2021-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7828432/ /pubmed/33450943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010066 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Opinion
Ghanemi, Abdelaziz
Yoshioka, Mayumi
St-Amand, Jonny
Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming
title Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming
title_full Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming
title_fullStr Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming
title_full_unstemmed Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming
title_short Obesity as a Neuroendocrine Reprogramming
title_sort obesity as a neuroendocrine reprogramming
topic Opinion
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33450943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010066
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