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Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions
Neuropeptides are small signaling molecules expressed in the tick central nervous system, i.e., the synganglion. The neuronal-like Ixodes scapularis embryonic cell line, ISE6, is an effective tool frequently used for examining tick–pathogen interactions. We detected 37 neuropeptide transcripts in th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466622 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010070 |
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author | Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes Pipová, Natália Allain, Eléonore Henry, Céline Rouxel, Clotilde Lagrée, Anne-Claire Haddad, Nadia Boulouis, Henri-Jean Valdés, James J. Alberdi, Pilar de la Fuente, José Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro Šimo, Ladislav |
author_facet | Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes Pipová, Natália Allain, Eléonore Henry, Céline Rouxel, Clotilde Lagrée, Anne-Claire Haddad, Nadia Boulouis, Henri-Jean Valdés, James J. Alberdi, Pilar de la Fuente, José Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro Šimo, Ladislav |
author_sort | Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neuropeptides are small signaling molecules expressed in the tick central nervous system, i.e., the synganglion. The neuronal-like Ixodes scapularis embryonic cell line, ISE6, is an effective tool frequently used for examining tick–pathogen interactions. We detected 37 neuropeptide transcripts in the I. scapularis ISE6 cell line using in silico methods, and six of these neuropeptide genes were used for experimental validation. Among these six neuropeptide genes, the tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) of ISE6 cells varied in transcript expression depending on the infection strain of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The immunocytochemistry of TRP revealed cytoplasmic expression in a prominent ISE6 cell subpopulation. The presence of TRP was also confirmed in A. phagocytophilum-infected ISE6 cells. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of TRP of I. scapularis synganglion revealed expression in distinct neuronal cells. In addition, TRP immunoreaction was detected in axons exiting the synganglion via peripheral nerves as well as in hemal nerve-associated lateral segmental organs. The characterization of a complete Ixodes neuropeptidome in ISE6 cells may serve as an effective in vitro tool to study how tick-borne pathogens interact with synganglion components that are vital to tick physiology. Therefore, our current study is a potential stepping stone for in vivo experiments to further examine the neuronal basis of tick–pathogen interactions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7828734 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78287342021-01-25 Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes Pipová, Natália Allain, Eléonore Henry, Céline Rouxel, Clotilde Lagrée, Anne-Claire Haddad, Nadia Boulouis, Henri-Jean Valdés, James J. Alberdi, Pilar de la Fuente, José Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro Šimo, Ladislav Pathogens Article Neuropeptides are small signaling molecules expressed in the tick central nervous system, i.e., the synganglion. The neuronal-like Ixodes scapularis embryonic cell line, ISE6, is an effective tool frequently used for examining tick–pathogen interactions. We detected 37 neuropeptide transcripts in the I. scapularis ISE6 cell line using in silico methods, and six of these neuropeptide genes were used for experimental validation. Among these six neuropeptide genes, the tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) of ISE6 cells varied in transcript expression depending on the infection strain of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The immunocytochemistry of TRP revealed cytoplasmic expression in a prominent ISE6 cell subpopulation. The presence of TRP was also confirmed in A. phagocytophilum-infected ISE6 cells. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of TRP of I. scapularis synganglion revealed expression in distinct neuronal cells. In addition, TRP immunoreaction was detected in axons exiting the synganglion via peripheral nerves as well as in hemal nerve-associated lateral segmental organs. The characterization of a complete Ixodes neuropeptidome in ISE6 cells may serve as an effective in vitro tool to study how tick-borne pathogens interact with synganglion components that are vital to tick physiology. Therefore, our current study is a potential stepping stone for in vivo experiments to further examine the neuronal basis of tick–pathogen interactions. MDPI 2021-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7828734/ /pubmed/33466622 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010070 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mateos-Hernández, Lourdes Pipová, Natália Allain, Eléonore Henry, Céline Rouxel, Clotilde Lagrée, Anne-Claire Haddad, Nadia Boulouis, Henri-Jean Valdés, James J. Alberdi, Pilar de la Fuente, José Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro Šimo, Ladislav Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions |
title | Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions |
title_full | Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions |
title_fullStr | Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions |
title_full_unstemmed | Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions |
title_short | Enlisting the Ixodes scapularis Embryonic ISE6 Cell Line to Investigate the Neuronal Basis of Tick—Pathogen Interactions |
title_sort | enlisting the ixodes scapularis embryonic ise6 cell line to investigate the neuronal basis of tick—pathogen interactions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7828734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466622 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010070 |
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