Oral and perioral herpes simplex virus infection type I in a five-month-old infant: A case report

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly infectious pathogen that is easily transmitted via the bodily fluids of an infected individual. This virus usually affects individuals older than six months of age, and rarely causes lesions or symptoms in younger patients. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a five-month-old healthy girl who presented with painful herpetic gingivostomatitis and perioral vesicles. We discuss the pathophysiology of primary HSV infection and the effect of maternal antibodies on the infant’s immune system. In addition, we explain the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of HSV infection in young infants. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management of HSV infections to decrease the risk of developing severe complications and death.