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Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE is the second most predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach to better understand this sub-epidemic by analyzing 270 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010116 |
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author | Alexiev, Ivailo Campbell, Ellsworth M. Knyazev, Sergey Pan, Yi Grigorova, Lyubomira Dimitrova, Reneta Partsuneva, Aleksandra Gancheva, Anna Kostadinova, Asya Seguin-Devaux, Carole Elenkov, Ivaylo Yancheva, Nina Switzer, William M. |
author_facet | Alexiev, Ivailo Campbell, Ellsworth M. Knyazev, Sergey Pan, Yi Grigorova, Lyubomira Dimitrova, Reneta Partsuneva, Aleksandra Gancheva, Anna Kostadinova, Asya Seguin-Devaux, Carole Elenkov, Ivaylo Yancheva, Nina Switzer, William M. |
author_sort | Alexiev, Ivailo |
collection | PubMed |
description | HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE is the second most predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach to better understand this sub-epidemic by analyzing 270 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS between 1995 and 2019. Using network analyses at a 1.5% genetic distance threshold (d), we found a large 154-member outbreak cluster composed mostly of persons who inject drugs (PWID) that were predominantly men. At d = 0.5%, which was used to identify more recent transmission, the large cluster dissociated into three clusters of 18, 12, and 7 members, respectively, five dyads, and 107 singletons. Phylogenetic analysis of the Bulgarian sequences with publicly available global sequences showed that CRF01_AE likely originated from multiple Asian countries, with Vietnam as the likely source of the outbreak cluster between 1988 and 1990. Our findings indicate that CRF01_AE was introduced into Bulgaria multiple times since 1988, and infections then rapidly spread among PWID locally with bridging to other risk groups and countries. CRF01_AE continues to spread in Bulgaria as evidenced by the more recent large clusters identified at d = 0.5%, highlighting the importance of public health prevention efforts in the PWID communities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7829743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78297432021-01-26 Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria Alexiev, Ivailo Campbell, Ellsworth M. Knyazev, Sergey Pan, Yi Grigorova, Lyubomira Dimitrova, Reneta Partsuneva, Aleksandra Gancheva, Anna Kostadinova, Asya Seguin-Devaux, Carole Elenkov, Ivaylo Yancheva, Nina Switzer, William M. Viruses Article HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE is the second most predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach to better understand this sub-epidemic by analyzing 270 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS between 1995 and 2019. Using network analyses at a 1.5% genetic distance threshold (d), we found a large 154-member outbreak cluster composed mostly of persons who inject drugs (PWID) that were predominantly men. At d = 0.5%, which was used to identify more recent transmission, the large cluster dissociated into three clusters of 18, 12, and 7 members, respectively, five dyads, and 107 singletons. Phylogenetic analysis of the Bulgarian sequences with publicly available global sequences showed that CRF01_AE likely originated from multiple Asian countries, with Vietnam as the likely source of the outbreak cluster between 1988 and 1990. Our findings indicate that CRF01_AE was introduced into Bulgaria multiple times since 1988, and infections then rapidly spread among PWID locally with bridging to other risk groups and countries. CRF01_AE continues to spread in Bulgaria as evidenced by the more recent large clusters identified at d = 0.5%, highlighting the importance of public health prevention efforts in the PWID communities. MDPI 2021-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7829743/ /pubmed/33467166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010116 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alexiev, Ivailo Campbell, Ellsworth M. Knyazev, Sergey Pan, Yi Grigorova, Lyubomira Dimitrova, Reneta Partsuneva, Aleksandra Gancheva, Anna Kostadinova, Asya Seguin-Devaux, Carole Elenkov, Ivaylo Yancheva, Nina Switzer, William M. Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria |
title | Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria |
title_full | Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria |
title_fullStr | Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria |
title_short | Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria |
title_sort | molecular epidemiological analysis of the origin and transmission dynamics of the hiv-1 crf01_ae sub-epidemic in bulgaria |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010116 |
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