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Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria

HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE is the second most predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach to better understand this sub-epidemic by analyzing 270 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from...

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Autores principales: Alexiev, Ivailo, Campbell, Ellsworth M., Knyazev, Sergey, Pan, Yi, Grigorova, Lyubomira, Dimitrova, Reneta, Partsuneva, Aleksandra, Gancheva, Anna, Kostadinova, Asya, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Elenkov, Ivaylo, Yancheva, Nina, Switzer, William M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010116
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author Alexiev, Ivailo
Campbell, Ellsworth M.
Knyazev, Sergey
Pan, Yi
Grigorova, Lyubomira
Dimitrova, Reneta
Partsuneva, Aleksandra
Gancheva, Anna
Kostadinova, Asya
Seguin-Devaux, Carole
Elenkov, Ivaylo
Yancheva, Nina
Switzer, William M.
author_facet Alexiev, Ivailo
Campbell, Ellsworth M.
Knyazev, Sergey
Pan, Yi
Grigorova, Lyubomira
Dimitrova, Reneta
Partsuneva, Aleksandra
Gancheva, Anna
Kostadinova, Asya
Seguin-Devaux, Carole
Elenkov, Ivaylo
Yancheva, Nina
Switzer, William M.
author_sort Alexiev, Ivailo
collection PubMed
description HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE is the second most predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach to better understand this sub-epidemic by analyzing 270 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS between 1995 and 2019. Using network analyses at a 1.5% genetic distance threshold (d), we found a large 154-member outbreak cluster composed mostly of persons who inject drugs (PWID) that were predominantly men. At d = 0.5%, which was used to identify more recent transmission, the large cluster dissociated into three clusters of 18, 12, and 7 members, respectively, five dyads, and 107 singletons. Phylogenetic analysis of the Bulgarian sequences with publicly available global sequences showed that CRF01_AE likely originated from multiple Asian countries, with Vietnam as the likely source of the outbreak cluster between 1988 and 1990. Our findings indicate that CRF01_AE was introduced into Bulgaria multiple times since 1988, and infections then rapidly spread among PWID locally with bridging to other risk groups and countries. CRF01_AE continues to spread in Bulgaria as evidenced by the more recent large clusters identified at d = 0.5%, highlighting the importance of public health prevention efforts in the PWID communities.
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spelling pubmed-78297432021-01-26 Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria Alexiev, Ivailo Campbell, Ellsworth M. Knyazev, Sergey Pan, Yi Grigorova, Lyubomira Dimitrova, Reneta Partsuneva, Aleksandra Gancheva, Anna Kostadinova, Asya Seguin-Devaux, Carole Elenkov, Ivaylo Yancheva, Nina Switzer, William M. Viruses Article HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE is the second most predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach to better understand this sub-epidemic by analyzing 270 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS between 1995 and 2019. Using network analyses at a 1.5% genetic distance threshold (d), we found a large 154-member outbreak cluster composed mostly of persons who inject drugs (PWID) that were predominantly men. At d = 0.5%, which was used to identify more recent transmission, the large cluster dissociated into three clusters of 18, 12, and 7 members, respectively, five dyads, and 107 singletons. Phylogenetic analysis of the Bulgarian sequences with publicly available global sequences showed that CRF01_AE likely originated from multiple Asian countries, with Vietnam as the likely source of the outbreak cluster between 1988 and 1990. Our findings indicate that CRF01_AE was introduced into Bulgaria multiple times since 1988, and infections then rapidly spread among PWID locally with bridging to other risk groups and countries. CRF01_AE continues to spread in Bulgaria as evidenced by the more recent large clusters identified at d = 0.5%, highlighting the importance of public health prevention efforts in the PWID communities. MDPI 2021-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7829743/ /pubmed/33467166 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010116 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alexiev, Ivailo
Campbell, Ellsworth M.
Knyazev, Sergey
Pan, Yi
Grigorova, Lyubomira
Dimitrova, Reneta
Partsuneva, Aleksandra
Gancheva, Anna
Kostadinova, Asya
Seguin-Devaux, Carole
Elenkov, Ivaylo
Yancheva, Nina
Switzer, William M.
Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
title Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
title_full Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
title_fullStr Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
title_short Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of the Origin and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
title_sort molecular epidemiological analysis of the origin and transmission dynamics of the hiv-1 crf01_ae sub-epidemic in bulgaria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467166
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010116
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