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Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages
Citrus hystrix DC. (CH) is found in many countries in Southeast Asia. This plant has been reported for anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammasome properties of the leaves remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investig...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010105 |
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author | Buakaew, Watunyoo Pankla Sranujit, Rungnapa Noysang, Chanai Thongsri, Yordhathai Potup, Pachuen Nuengchamnong, Nitra Suphrom, Nungruthai Usuwanthim, Kanchana |
author_facet | Buakaew, Watunyoo Pankla Sranujit, Rungnapa Noysang, Chanai Thongsri, Yordhathai Potup, Pachuen Nuengchamnong, Nitra Suphrom, Nungruthai Usuwanthim, Kanchana |
author_sort | Buakaew, Watunyoo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Citrus hystrix DC. (CH) is found in many countries in Southeast Asia. This plant has been reported for anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammasome properties of the leaves remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CH leaves on NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. CH leaves were sequentially extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol to give three crude extracts. An active compound, lupeol was fractionated from the ethanolic extract using chromatographic techniques, and its structure was identified and confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Anti-inflammatory activities were observed on both lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and NLRP3 adenosine triphosphate-induced macrophages. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) was analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Real-time qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure inflammatory-associated gene expression. NF-κB protein expressions were investigated using the immunoblotting technique. The active fraction of ethanolic CH leaves and lupeol significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the expression of both inflammasome genes and NF-κB proteins. The ethanolic extract of CH leaves and lupeol showed potent anti-inflammatory activities by targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7829879 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78298792021-01-26 Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages Buakaew, Watunyoo Pankla Sranujit, Rungnapa Noysang, Chanai Thongsri, Yordhathai Potup, Pachuen Nuengchamnong, Nitra Suphrom, Nungruthai Usuwanthim, Kanchana Biomolecules Article Citrus hystrix DC. (CH) is found in many countries in Southeast Asia. This plant has been reported for anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammasome properties of the leaves remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CH leaves on NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. CH leaves were sequentially extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol to give three crude extracts. An active compound, lupeol was fractionated from the ethanolic extract using chromatographic techniques, and its structure was identified and confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Anti-inflammatory activities were observed on both lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and NLRP3 adenosine triphosphate-induced macrophages. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) was analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Real-time qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure inflammatory-associated gene expression. NF-κB protein expressions were investigated using the immunoblotting technique. The active fraction of ethanolic CH leaves and lupeol significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the expression of both inflammasome genes and NF-κB proteins. The ethanolic extract of CH leaves and lupeol showed potent anti-inflammatory activities by targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. MDPI 2021-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7829879/ /pubmed/33466926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010105 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Buakaew, Watunyoo Pankla Sranujit, Rungnapa Noysang, Chanai Thongsri, Yordhathai Potup, Pachuen Nuengchamnong, Nitra Suphrom, Nungruthai Usuwanthim, Kanchana Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages |
title | Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages |
title_full | Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages |
title_fullStr | Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages |
title_short | Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages |
title_sort | phytochemical constituents of citrus hystrix dc. leaves attenuate inflammation via nf-κb signaling and nlrp3 inflammasome activity in macrophages |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33466926 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010105 |
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