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First Detection of Tetrodotoxins in the Cotylean Flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum

Several polyclad flatworm species are known to contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but currently TTX-bearing flatworms seem to be restricted to specific Planocera lineages belonging to the suborder Acotylea. During our ongoing study of flatworm toxins, high concentrations of TTXs were detecte...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Suo, Rei, Kashitani, Maho, Oyama, Hikaru, Adachi, Masaatsu, Nakahigashi, Ryota, Sakakibara, Ryo, Nishikawa, Toshio, Sugita, Haruo, Itoi, Shiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830031/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010040
Descripción
Sumario:Several polyclad flatworm species are known to contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but currently TTX-bearing flatworms seem to be restricted to specific Planocera lineages belonging to the suborder Acotylea. During our ongoing study of flatworm toxins, high concentrations of TTXs were detected for the first time in the flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum, suborder Cotylea, from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Toxin levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), revealing that this species contains comparable concentrations of toxins as seen in planocerid flatworms such as Planocera multitentaculata. This finding indicated that there may be other species with significant levels of TTXs. The distribution of TTXs among other flatworm species is thus of great interest.