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When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has rapidly spread across the world, becoming a pandemic. The “cytokine storm” (CS) in COVID-19 leads to the worst stage of illness, and its timely control thr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830161/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020297 |
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author | Cappanera, Stefano Palumbo, Michele Kwan, Sherman H. Priante, Giulia Martella, Lucia Assunta Saraca, Lavinia Maria Sicari, Francesco Vernelli, Carlo Di Giuli, Cinzia Andreani, Paolo Mariottini, Alessandro Francucci, Marsilio Sensi, Emanuela Costantini, Monya Bruzzone, Paolo D’Andrea, Vito Gioia, Sara Cirocchi, Roberto Tiri, Beatrice |
author_facet | Cappanera, Stefano Palumbo, Michele Kwan, Sherman H. Priante, Giulia Martella, Lucia Assunta Saraca, Lavinia Maria Sicari, Francesco Vernelli, Carlo Di Giuli, Cinzia Andreani, Paolo Mariottini, Alessandro Francucci, Marsilio Sensi, Emanuela Costantini, Monya Bruzzone, Paolo D’Andrea, Vito Gioia, Sara Cirocchi, Roberto Tiri, Beatrice |
author_sort | Cappanera, Stefano |
collection | PubMed |
description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has rapidly spread across the world, becoming a pandemic. The “cytokine storm” (CS) in COVID-19 leads to the worst stage of illness, and its timely control through immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and cytokine antagonists may be the key to reducing mortality. After reviewing published studies, we proposed a Cytokine Storm Score (CSs) to identify patients who were in this hyperinflammation state, and at risk of progression and poorer outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients admitted to Infectious Disease Department in “St. Maria” Hospital in Terni with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, and analyzed the “CS score” (CSs) and the severity of COVID-19. Then we conducted a prospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted after the definition of the CSscore. This is the first study that proposes and applies a new score to quickly identify COVID-19 patients who are in a hyperinflammation stage, to rapidly treat them in order to reduce the risk of intubation. CSs can accurately identify COVID-19 patients in the early stages of a CS, to conduct timely, safe, and effect administration of immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and cytokine antagonists, to prevent progression and reduce mortality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7830161 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78301612021-01-26 When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It Cappanera, Stefano Palumbo, Michele Kwan, Sherman H. Priante, Giulia Martella, Lucia Assunta Saraca, Lavinia Maria Sicari, Francesco Vernelli, Carlo Di Giuli, Cinzia Andreani, Paolo Mariottini, Alessandro Francucci, Marsilio Sensi, Emanuela Costantini, Monya Bruzzone, Paolo D’Andrea, Vito Gioia, Sara Cirocchi, Roberto Tiri, Beatrice J Clin Med Article Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has rapidly spread across the world, becoming a pandemic. The “cytokine storm” (CS) in COVID-19 leads to the worst stage of illness, and its timely control through immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and cytokine antagonists may be the key to reducing mortality. After reviewing published studies, we proposed a Cytokine Storm Score (CSs) to identify patients who were in this hyperinflammation state, and at risk of progression and poorer outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients admitted to Infectious Disease Department in “St. Maria” Hospital in Terni with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, and analyzed the “CS score” (CSs) and the severity of COVID-19. Then we conducted a prospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted after the definition of the CSscore. This is the first study that proposes and applies a new score to quickly identify COVID-19 patients who are in a hyperinflammation stage, to rapidly treat them in order to reduce the risk of intubation. CSs can accurately identify COVID-19 patients in the early stages of a CS, to conduct timely, safe, and effect administration of immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and cytokine antagonists, to prevent progression and reduce mortality. MDPI 2021-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7830161/ /pubmed/33467466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020297 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Cappanera, Stefano Palumbo, Michele Kwan, Sherman H. Priante, Giulia Martella, Lucia Assunta Saraca, Lavinia Maria Sicari, Francesco Vernelli, Carlo Di Giuli, Cinzia Andreani, Paolo Mariottini, Alessandro Francucci, Marsilio Sensi, Emanuela Costantini, Monya Bruzzone, Paolo D’Andrea, Vito Gioia, Sara Cirocchi, Roberto Tiri, Beatrice When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It |
title | When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It |
title_full | When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It |
title_fullStr | When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It |
title_full_unstemmed | When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It |
title_short | When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It |
title_sort | when does the cytokine storm begin in covid-19 patients? a quick score to recognize it |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830161/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020297 |
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