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Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9010085 |
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author | Park, Jooho Lee, Yong-Kyu Park, In-Kyu Hwang, Seung Rim |
author_facet | Park, Jooho Lee, Yong-Kyu Park, In-Kyu Hwang, Seung Rim |
author_sort | Park, Jooho |
collection | PubMed |
description | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests for second-generation photosensitizers with improved physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, or singlet oxygen quantum yield have been conducted. Progress is also being made in cancer theranostics by using fluorescent signals generated by photosensitizers. In order to obtain the effective cytotoxic effects on the target cells and prevent off-target side effects, photosensitizers need to be localized to the target tissue. The use of nanocarriers combined with photosensitizers can enhance accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor site, owing to preferential extravasation of nanoparticles into the tumor vasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers provide good loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophobic photosensitizers. In addition, prodrug nanomedicines for PDT can be activated by stimuli in the tumor site. In this review, we introduce current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for PDT and discuss the expected future direction of research. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7830249 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78302492021-01-26 Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy Park, Jooho Lee, Yong-Kyu Park, In-Kyu Hwang, Seung Rim Biomedicines Review Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests for second-generation photosensitizers with improved physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, or singlet oxygen quantum yield have been conducted. Progress is also being made in cancer theranostics by using fluorescent signals generated by photosensitizers. In order to obtain the effective cytotoxic effects on the target cells and prevent off-target side effects, photosensitizers need to be localized to the target tissue. The use of nanocarriers combined with photosensitizers can enhance accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor site, owing to preferential extravasation of nanoparticles into the tumor vasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers provide good loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophobic photosensitizers. In addition, prodrug nanomedicines for PDT can be activated by stimuli in the tumor site. In this review, we introduce current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for PDT and discuss the expected future direction of research. MDPI 2021-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7830249/ /pubmed/33467201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9010085 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Park, Jooho Lee, Yong-Kyu Park, In-Kyu Hwang, Seung Rim Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
title | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
title_full | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
title_fullStr | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
title_short | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
title_sort | current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for clinically available photodynamic therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830249/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9010085 |
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