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Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon
The formaldehyde (FA) embalming method, the world’s most common protocol for the fixation of cadavers, has been consistently used in medical universities in Myanmar. This study was designed to examine the indoor FA concentrations in anatomy dissection rooms, an exposed site, and lecture theater, an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020712 |
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author | Aung, Win-Yu Sakamoto, Hironari Sato, Ayana Yi, Ei-Ei-Pan-Nu Thein, Zaw-Lin Nwe, Myint-San Shein, Nanda Linn, Htin Uchiyama, Shigehisa Kunugita, Naoki Win-Shwe, Tin-Tin Mar, Ohn |
author_facet | Aung, Win-Yu Sakamoto, Hironari Sato, Ayana Yi, Ei-Ei-Pan-Nu Thein, Zaw-Lin Nwe, Myint-San Shein, Nanda Linn, Htin Uchiyama, Shigehisa Kunugita, Naoki Win-Shwe, Tin-Tin Mar, Ohn |
author_sort | Aung, Win-Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | The formaldehyde (FA) embalming method, the world’s most common protocol for the fixation of cadavers, has been consistently used in medical universities in Myanmar. This study was designed to examine the indoor FA concentrations in anatomy dissection rooms, an exposed site, and lecture theater, an unexposed control site, and to access personal exposure levels of FA and clinical symptoms of medical students and instructors. In total, 208 second year medical students (1/2019 batch) and 18 instructors from Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine 1, participated. Thirteen dissection sessions were investigated from February 2019 to January 2020. Diffusive sampling devices were used as air samplers and high-performance liquid chromatography was used for measurement of FA. Average indoor FA concentration of four dissection rooms was 0.43 (0.09–1.22) ppm and all dissection rooms showed indoor concentrations above the occupational exposure limits and short-term exposure limit for general population. Personal FA exposure values were higher than indoor FA concentrations and the instructors (0.68, 0.04–2.11 ppm) had higher exposure than the students (0.44, 0.06–1.72 ppm). Unpleasant odor, eye and nose irritations and inability to concentrate were frequently reported FA-related symptoms, and the students were found to have significantly higher risks (p < 0.05) of having these symptoms during the dissection sessions than during lecture. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7830549 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78305492021-01-26 Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon Aung, Win-Yu Sakamoto, Hironari Sato, Ayana Yi, Ei-Ei-Pan-Nu Thein, Zaw-Lin Nwe, Myint-San Shein, Nanda Linn, Htin Uchiyama, Shigehisa Kunugita, Naoki Win-Shwe, Tin-Tin Mar, Ohn Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The formaldehyde (FA) embalming method, the world’s most common protocol for the fixation of cadavers, has been consistently used in medical universities in Myanmar. This study was designed to examine the indoor FA concentrations in anatomy dissection rooms, an exposed site, and lecture theater, an unexposed control site, and to access personal exposure levels of FA and clinical symptoms of medical students and instructors. In total, 208 second year medical students (1/2019 batch) and 18 instructors from Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine 1, participated. Thirteen dissection sessions were investigated from February 2019 to January 2020. Diffusive sampling devices were used as air samplers and high-performance liquid chromatography was used for measurement of FA. Average indoor FA concentration of four dissection rooms was 0.43 (0.09–1.22) ppm and all dissection rooms showed indoor concentrations above the occupational exposure limits and short-term exposure limit for general population. Personal FA exposure values were higher than indoor FA concentrations and the instructors (0.68, 0.04–2.11 ppm) had higher exposure than the students (0.44, 0.06–1.72 ppm). Unpleasant odor, eye and nose irritations and inability to concentrate were frequently reported FA-related symptoms, and the students were found to have significantly higher risks (p < 0.05) of having these symptoms during the dissection sessions than during lecture. MDPI 2021-01-15 2021-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7830549/ /pubmed/33467564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020712 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Aung, Win-Yu Sakamoto, Hironari Sato, Ayana Yi, Ei-Ei-Pan-Nu Thein, Zaw-Lin Nwe, Myint-San Shein, Nanda Linn, Htin Uchiyama, Shigehisa Kunugita, Naoki Win-Shwe, Tin-Tin Mar, Ohn Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
title | Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
title_full | Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
title_fullStr | Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
title_full_unstemmed | Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
title_short | Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon |
title_sort | indoor formaldehyde concentration, personal formaldehyde exposure and clinical symptoms during anatomy dissection sessions, university of medicine 1, yangon |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020712 |
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