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3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works
Analog and digital SiPMs have revolutionized the field of radiation instrumentation by replacing both avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes in many applications. However, multiple applications require greater performance than the current SiPMs are capable of, for example timing resolution...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020598 |
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author | Pratte, Jean-François Nolet, Frédéric Parent, Samuel Vachon, Frédéric Roy, Nicolas Rossignol, Tommy Deslandes, Keven Dautet, Henri Fontaine, Réjean Charlebois, Serge A. |
author_facet | Pratte, Jean-François Nolet, Frédéric Parent, Samuel Vachon, Frédéric Roy, Nicolas Rossignol, Tommy Deslandes, Keven Dautet, Henri Fontaine, Réjean Charlebois, Serge A. |
author_sort | Pratte, Jean-François |
collection | PubMed |
description | Analog and digital SiPMs have revolutionized the field of radiation instrumentation by replacing both avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes in many applications. However, multiple applications require greater performance than the current SiPMs are capable of, for example timing resolution for time-of-flight positron emission tomography and time-of-flight computed tomography, and mitigation of the large output capacitance of SiPM array for large-scale time projection chambers for liquid argon and liquid xenon experiments. In this contribution, the case will be made that 3D photon-to-digital converters, also known as 3D digital SiPMs, have a potentially superior performance over analog and 2D digital SiPMs. A review of 3D photon-to-digital converters is presented along with various applications where they can make a difference, such as time-of-flight medical imaging systems and low-background experiments in noble liquids. Finally, a review of the key design choices that must be made to obtain an optimized 3D photon-to-digital converter for radiation instrumentation, more specifically the single-photon avalanche diode array, the CMOS technology, the quenching circuit, the time-to-digital converter, the digital signal processing and the system level integration, are discussed in detail. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7830581 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78305812021-01-26 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works Pratte, Jean-François Nolet, Frédéric Parent, Samuel Vachon, Frédéric Roy, Nicolas Rossignol, Tommy Deslandes, Keven Dautet, Henri Fontaine, Réjean Charlebois, Serge A. Sensors (Basel) Review Analog and digital SiPMs have revolutionized the field of radiation instrumentation by replacing both avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes in many applications. However, multiple applications require greater performance than the current SiPMs are capable of, for example timing resolution for time-of-flight positron emission tomography and time-of-flight computed tomography, and mitigation of the large output capacitance of SiPM array for large-scale time projection chambers for liquid argon and liquid xenon experiments. In this contribution, the case will be made that 3D photon-to-digital converters, also known as 3D digital SiPMs, have a potentially superior performance over analog and 2D digital SiPMs. A review of 3D photon-to-digital converters is presented along with various applications where they can make a difference, such as time-of-flight medical imaging systems and low-background experiments in noble liquids. Finally, a review of the key design choices that must be made to obtain an optimized 3D photon-to-digital converter for radiation instrumentation, more specifically the single-photon avalanche diode array, the CMOS technology, the quenching circuit, the time-to-digital converter, the digital signal processing and the system level integration, are discussed in detail. MDPI 2021-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7830581/ /pubmed/33467016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020598 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pratte, Jean-François Nolet, Frédéric Parent, Samuel Vachon, Frédéric Roy, Nicolas Rossignol, Tommy Deslandes, Keven Dautet, Henri Fontaine, Réjean Charlebois, Serge A. 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works |
title | 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works |
title_full | 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works |
title_fullStr | 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works |
title_full_unstemmed | 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works |
title_short | 3D Photon-To-Digital Converter for Radiation Instrumentation: Motivation and Future Works |
title_sort | 3d photon-to-digital converter for radiation instrumentation: motivation and future works |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33467016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020598 |
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