Cargando…
Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study
We explored the dose-response relations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Framingham Offspring Study, as well as the combined effects of these minerals. Analyses included 2362 30–64 year-old men and women free of CVD at baseline. Cox proportion...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7832857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010269 |
_version_ | 1783641928521220096 |
---|---|
author | Pickering, R. Taylor Bradlee, M. Loring Singer, Martha R. Moore, Lynn L. |
author_facet | Pickering, R. Taylor Bradlee, M. Loring Singer, Martha R. Moore, Lynn L. |
author_sort | Pickering, R. Taylor |
collection | PubMed |
description | We explored the dose-response relations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Framingham Offspring Study, as well as the combined effects of these minerals. Analyses included 2362 30–64 year-old men and women free of CVD at baseline. Cox proportional-hazards models were used estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mineral intakes and incident CVD. Cox models with restricted cubic spline functions were used to examine dose-response relations, adjusting for confounding by age, sex, body mass index, dietary fiber intake, and time-varying occurrence of hypertension. Lower sodium intake (<2500 vs. ≥3500 mg/d) was not associated with a lower risk of CVD. In contrast, potassium intake ≥3000 (vs. <2500) mg/d was associated with a 25% lower risk (95% CI: 0.59, 0.95), while magnesium intake ≥320 (vs. <240) mg/d led to a 34% lower risk (95% CI: 0.51, 0.87) of CVD. Calcium intake ≥700 (vs. <500) mg/d was associated with a non-statistically significant 19% lower risk. Restricted cubic spline curves showed inverse dose-response relations of potassium and magnesium with CVD risk, but no such associations were observed for sodium or calcium. These results highlight the importance of potassium and magnesium to cardiovascular health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7832857 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78328572021-01-26 Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study Pickering, R. Taylor Bradlee, M. Loring Singer, Martha R. Moore, Lynn L. Nutrients Article We explored the dose-response relations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Framingham Offspring Study, as well as the combined effects of these minerals. Analyses included 2362 30–64 year-old men and women free of CVD at baseline. Cox proportional-hazards models were used estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mineral intakes and incident CVD. Cox models with restricted cubic spline functions were used to examine dose-response relations, adjusting for confounding by age, sex, body mass index, dietary fiber intake, and time-varying occurrence of hypertension. Lower sodium intake (<2500 vs. ≥3500 mg/d) was not associated with a lower risk of CVD. In contrast, potassium intake ≥3000 (vs. <2500) mg/d was associated with a 25% lower risk (95% CI: 0.59, 0.95), while magnesium intake ≥320 (vs. <240) mg/d led to a 34% lower risk (95% CI: 0.51, 0.87) of CVD. Calcium intake ≥700 (vs. <500) mg/d was associated with a non-statistically significant 19% lower risk. Restricted cubic spline curves showed inverse dose-response relations of potassium and magnesium with CVD risk, but no such associations were observed for sodium or calcium. These results highlight the importance of potassium and magnesium to cardiovascular health. MDPI 2021-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7832857/ /pubmed/33477824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010269 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pickering, R. Taylor Bradlee, M. Loring Singer, Martha R. Moore, Lynn L. Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study |
title | Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study |
title_full | Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study |
title_fullStr | Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study |
title_short | Higher Intakes of Potassium and Magnesium, but Not Lower Sodium, Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Offspring Study |
title_sort | higher intakes of potassium and magnesium, but not lower sodium, reduce cardiovascular risk in the framingham offspring study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7832857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010269 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT pickeringrtaylor higherintakesofpotassiumandmagnesiumbutnotlowersodiumreducecardiovascularriskintheframinghamoffspringstudy AT bradleemloring higherintakesofpotassiumandmagnesiumbutnotlowersodiumreducecardiovascularriskintheframinghamoffspringstudy AT singermarthar higherintakesofpotassiumandmagnesiumbutnotlowersodiumreducecardiovascularriskintheframinghamoffspringstudy AT moorelynnl higherintakesofpotassiumandmagnesiumbutnotlowersodiumreducecardiovascularriskintheframinghamoffspringstudy |