Cargando…

Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair

Hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen fibrils serve as the basic building blocks of natural bone and dentin. Mineralization of collagen fibrils play an essential role in ensuring the structural and mechanical functionalities of hard tissues such as bone and dentin. Biomineralization of collagen ca...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yu, Le, Wei, Mei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477897
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020944
_version_ 1783642053431787520
author Yu, Le
Wei, Mei
author_facet Yu, Le
Wei, Mei
author_sort Yu, Le
collection PubMed
description Hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen fibrils serve as the basic building blocks of natural bone and dentin. Mineralization of collagen fibrils play an essential role in ensuring the structural and mechanical functionalities of hard tissues such as bone and dentin. Biomineralization of collagen can be divided into intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization in terms of HA distribution relative to collagen fibrils. Intrafibrillar mineralization is termed when HA minerals are incorporated within the gap zone of collagen fibrils, while extrafibrillar mineralization refers to the minerals that are formed on the surface of collagen fibrils. However, the mechanisms resulting in these two types of mineralization still remain debatable. In this review, the evolution of both classical and non-classical biomineralization theories is summarized. Different intrafibrillar mineralization mechanisms, including polymer induced liquid precursor (PILP), capillary action, electrostatic attraction, size exclusion, Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, and interfacial energy guided theories, are discussed. Exemplary strategies to induce biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralization using non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), polymer analogs, small molecules, and fluidic shear stress are discussed, and recent applications of mineralized collagen fibers for bone regeneration and dentin repair are included. Finally, conclusions are drawn on these proposed mechanisms, and the future trend of collagen-based materials for bone regeneration and tooth repair is speculated.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7833386
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-78333862021-01-26 Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair Yu, Le Wei, Mei Int J Mol Sci Review Hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen fibrils serve as the basic building blocks of natural bone and dentin. Mineralization of collagen fibrils play an essential role in ensuring the structural and mechanical functionalities of hard tissues such as bone and dentin. Biomineralization of collagen can be divided into intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization in terms of HA distribution relative to collagen fibrils. Intrafibrillar mineralization is termed when HA minerals are incorporated within the gap zone of collagen fibrils, while extrafibrillar mineralization refers to the minerals that are formed on the surface of collagen fibrils. However, the mechanisms resulting in these two types of mineralization still remain debatable. In this review, the evolution of both classical and non-classical biomineralization theories is summarized. Different intrafibrillar mineralization mechanisms, including polymer induced liquid precursor (PILP), capillary action, electrostatic attraction, size exclusion, Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, and interfacial energy guided theories, are discussed. Exemplary strategies to induce biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralization using non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), polymer analogs, small molecules, and fluidic shear stress are discussed, and recent applications of mineralized collagen fibers for bone regeneration and dentin repair are included. Finally, conclusions are drawn on these proposed mechanisms, and the future trend of collagen-based materials for bone regeneration and tooth repair is speculated. MDPI 2021-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7833386/ /pubmed/33477897 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020944 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Yu, Le
Wei, Mei
Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair
title Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair
title_full Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair
title_fullStr Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair
title_full_unstemmed Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair
title_short Biomineralization of Collagen-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Repair
title_sort biomineralization of collagen-based materials for hard tissue repair
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477897
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020944
work_keys_str_mv AT yule biomineralizationofcollagenbasedmaterialsforhardtissuerepair
AT weimei biomineralizationofcollagenbasedmaterialsforhardtissuerepair