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Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes
Methylated cytosine within CpG dinucleotides is a key factor for epigenetic gene regulation. It has been revealed that methylated cytosine decreases DNA backbone flexibility and increases the thermal stability of DNA. Although the molecular environment is an important factor for the structure, therm...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020947 |
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author | Tsuruta, Mitsuki Sugitani, Yui Sugimoto, Naoki Miyoshi, Daisuke |
author_facet | Tsuruta, Mitsuki Sugitani, Yui Sugimoto, Naoki Miyoshi, Daisuke |
author_sort | Tsuruta, Mitsuki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Methylated cytosine within CpG dinucleotides is a key factor for epigenetic gene regulation. It has been revealed that methylated cytosine decreases DNA backbone flexibility and increases the thermal stability of DNA. Although the molecular environment is an important factor for the structure, thermodynamics, and function of biomolecules, there are few reports on the effects of methylated cytosine under a cell-mimicking molecular environment. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of methylated cytosine on the thermodynamics of DNA duplexes under molecular crowding conditions, which is a critical difference between the molecular environment in cells and test tubes. Thermodynamic parameters quantitatively demonstrated that the methylation effect and molecular crowding effect on DNA duplexes are independent and additive, in which the degree of the stabilization is the sum of the methylation effect and molecular crowding effect. Furthermore, the effects of methylation and molecular crowding correlate with the hydration states of DNA duplexes. The stabilization effect of methylation was due to the favorable enthalpic contribution, suggesting that direct interactions of the methyl group with adjacent bases and adjacent methyl groups play a role in determining the flexibility and thermodynamics of DNA duplexes. These results are useful to predict the properties of DNA duplexes with methylation in cell-mimicking conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7833394 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78333942021-01-26 Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes Tsuruta, Mitsuki Sugitani, Yui Sugimoto, Naoki Miyoshi, Daisuke Int J Mol Sci Article Methylated cytosine within CpG dinucleotides is a key factor for epigenetic gene regulation. It has been revealed that methylated cytosine decreases DNA backbone flexibility and increases the thermal stability of DNA. Although the molecular environment is an important factor for the structure, thermodynamics, and function of biomolecules, there are few reports on the effects of methylated cytosine under a cell-mimicking molecular environment. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of methylated cytosine on the thermodynamics of DNA duplexes under molecular crowding conditions, which is a critical difference between the molecular environment in cells and test tubes. Thermodynamic parameters quantitatively demonstrated that the methylation effect and molecular crowding effect on DNA duplexes are independent and additive, in which the degree of the stabilization is the sum of the methylation effect and molecular crowding effect. Furthermore, the effects of methylation and molecular crowding correlate with the hydration states of DNA duplexes. The stabilization effect of methylation was due to the favorable enthalpic contribution, suggesting that direct interactions of the methyl group with adjacent bases and adjacent methyl groups play a role in determining the flexibility and thermodynamics of DNA duplexes. These results are useful to predict the properties of DNA duplexes with methylation in cell-mimicking conditions. MDPI 2021-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7833394/ /pubmed/33477917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020947 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tsuruta, Mitsuki Sugitani, Yui Sugimoto, Naoki Miyoshi, Daisuke Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes |
title | Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes |
title_full | Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes |
title_fullStr | Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes |
title_full_unstemmed | Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes |
title_short | Combined Effects of Methylated Cytosine and Molecular Crowding on the Thermodynamic Stability of DNA Duplexes |
title_sort | combined effects of methylated cytosine and molecular crowding on the thermodynamic stability of dna duplexes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020947 |
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