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Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)

Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human body. In this review, we summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla-rich protein...

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Autores principales: Xiao, Huiyu, Chen, Jiepeng, Duan, Lili, Li, Shuzhuang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: D.A. Spandidos 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7834955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33448308
http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4835
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author Xiao, Huiyu
Chen, Jiepeng
Duan, Lili
Li, Shuzhuang
author_facet Xiao, Huiyu
Chen, Jiepeng
Duan, Lili
Li, Shuzhuang
author_sort Xiao, Huiyu
collection PubMed
description Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human body. In this review, we summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla-rich protein (GRP) and periostin in terms of their functions in physiological and pathological conditions. As examples, carboxylated Gas 6 and GRP effectively protect blood vessels from calcification, Gas 6 protects from acute kidney injury and is involved in chronic kidney disease, GRP contributes to bone homeostasis and delays the progression of osteoarthritis, and periostin is involved in all phases of fracture healing and assists myocardial regeneration in the early stages of myocardial infarction. However, periostin participates in the progression of cardiac fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and airway remodeling of asthma. In addition, we discuss the relationship between vitamin K, VKDPs and cancer, and particularly the carboxylation state of VKDPs in cancer.
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spelling pubmed-78349552021-02-05 Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review) Xiao, Huiyu Chen, Jiepeng Duan, Lili Li, Shuzhuang Int J Mol Med Articles Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human body. In this review, we summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla-rich protein (GRP) and periostin in terms of their functions in physiological and pathological conditions. As examples, carboxylated Gas 6 and GRP effectively protect blood vessels from calcification, Gas 6 protects from acute kidney injury and is involved in chronic kidney disease, GRP contributes to bone homeostasis and delays the progression of osteoarthritis, and periostin is involved in all phases of fracture healing and assists myocardial regeneration in the early stages of myocardial infarction. However, periostin participates in the progression of cardiac fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and airway remodeling of asthma. In addition, we discuss the relationship between vitamin K, VKDPs and cancer, and particularly the carboxylation state of VKDPs in cancer. D.A. Spandidos 2021-03 2020-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7834955/ /pubmed/33448308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4835 Text en Copyright: © Xiao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Articles
Xiao, Huiyu
Chen, Jiepeng
Duan, Lili
Li, Shuzhuang
Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)
title Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)
title_full Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)
title_fullStr Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)
title_full_unstemmed Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)
title_short Role of emerging vitamin K-dependent proteins: Growth arrest-specific protein 6, Gla-rich protein and periostin (Review)
title_sort role of emerging vitamin k-dependent proteins: growth arrest-specific protein 6, gla-rich protein and periostin (review)
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7834955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33448308
http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4835
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