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Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb...

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Autores principales: Ahmad, Rehan, Singh, Jaikee Kumar, Wunnava, Amoolya, Al-Obeed, Omar, Abdulla, Maha, Srivastava, Sandeep Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: D.A. Spandidos 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7834960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33655327
http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847
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author Ahmad, Rehan
Singh, Jaikee Kumar
Wunnava, Amoolya
Al-Obeed, Omar
Abdulla, Maha
Srivastava, Sandeep Kumar
author_facet Ahmad, Rehan
Singh, Jaikee Kumar
Wunnava, Amoolya
Al-Obeed, Omar
Abdulla, Maha
Srivastava, Sandeep Kumar
author_sort Ahmad, Rehan
collection PubMed
description Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC-related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma-carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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spelling pubmed-78349602021-02-05 Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review) Ahmad, Rehan Singh, Jaikee Kumar Wunnava, Amoolya Al-Obeed, Omar Abdulla, Maha Srivastava, Sandeep Kumar Int J Mol Med Articles Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC-related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma-carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies. D.A. Spandidos 2021-03 2021-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7834960/ /pubmed/33655327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847 Text en Copyright: © Ahmad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Articles
Ahmad, Rehan
Singh, Jaikee Kumar
Wunnava, Amoolya
Al-Obeed, Omar
Abdulla, Maha
Srivastava, Sandeep Kumar
Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)
title Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)
title_full Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)
title_fullStr Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)
title_full_unstemmed Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)
title_short Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)
title_sort emerging trends in colorectal cancer: dysregulated signaling pathways (review)
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7834960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33655327
http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847
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