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Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are mostly phytoplankton blooms, which have detrimental environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The Mediterranean Sea due to its enclosed nature is of special concern since it has an enormously rich native biodiversity. Though, it is also the world’s most invaded marine...

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Autores principales: Marampouti, Christina, Buma, Anita G. J., de Boer, M. Karin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7835144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803614
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10383-1
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author Marampouti, Christina
Buma, Anita G. J.
de Boer, M. Karin
author_facet Marampouti, Christina
Buma, Anita G. J.
de Boer, M. Karin
author_sort Marampouti, Christina
collection PubMed
description Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are mostly phytoplankton blooms, which have detrimental environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The Mediterranean Sea due to its enclosed nature is of special concern since it has an enormously rich native biodiversity. Though, it is also the world’s most invaded marine ecosystem and is considered at very high risk of future invasions. The aim of this review study is to explore the origins, establishment, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of HABs caused by nonnative algal species in the Mediterranean Sea. Based on this, it is also discussed whether HABs form an increasing threat in the basin, and what could possibly be done to prevent or to minimize their impacts. The increasing rate of their introduction and the harmful impacts that they have on the environment, economy, and human health makes it important to have accurate knowledge about HABs. Anthropogenic activities and climate change are considered the main contributors of alien invasions but also the main enablers of HAB events. Mediterranean HABs are adequately studied, but there are no studies purposefully concerning invasive microalgae species in the basin. In the present study, 20 species have been identified, and an attempt has been made to collect their introduction information, as well as known or suspected impacts. Future research should be focused on data mining, current legislation updates, and monitoring of Mediterranean coastlines.
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spelling pubmed-78351442021-01-29 Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts Marampouti, Christina Buma, Anita G. J. de Boer, M. Karin Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are mostly phytoplankton blooms, which have detrimental environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The Mediterranean Sea due to its enclosed nature is of special concern since it has an enormously rich native biodiversity. Though, it is also the world’s most invaded marine ecosystem and is considered at very high risk of future invasions. The aim of this review study is to explore the origins, establishment, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of HABs caused by nonnative algal species in the Mediterranean Sea. Based on this, it is also discussed whether HABs form an increasing threat in the basin, and what could possibly be done to prevent or to minimize their impacts. The increasing rate of their introduction and the harmful impacts that they have on the environment, economy, and human health makes it important to have accurate knowledge about HABs. Anthropogenic activities and climate change are considered the main contributors of alien invasions but also the main enablers of HAB events. Mediterranean HABs are adequately studied, but there are no studies purposefully concerning invasive microalgae species in the basin. In the present study, 20 species have been identified, and an attempt has been made to collect their introduction information, as well as known or suspected impacts. Future research should be focused on data mining, current legislation updates, and monitoring of Mediterranean coastlines. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-08-17 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7835144/ /pubmed/32803614 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10383-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats
Marampouti, Christina
Buma, Anita G. J.
de Boer, M. Karin
Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
title Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
title_full Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
title_fullStr Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
title_full_unstemmed Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
title_short Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
title_sort mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: origins and impacts
topic Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7835144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803614
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10383-1
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