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A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair

Double stranded DNA (dsDNA), the repository of genetic information in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, exhibits a surprising instability in the intracellular environment; this fragility is exacerbated by exogenous agents, such as ultraviolet radiation. To protect themselves against the severe conse...

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Autores principales: Kraithong, Thanyalak, Hartley, Silas, Jeruzalmi, David, Pakotiprapha, Danaya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7835731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477956
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020952
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author Kraithong, Thanyalak
Hartley, Silas
Jeruzalmi, David
Pakotiprapha, Danaya
author_facet Kraithong, Thanyalak
Hartley, Silas
Jeruzalmi, David
Pakotiprapha, Danaya
author_sort Kraithong, Thanyalak
collection PubMed
description Double stranded DNA (dsDNA), the repository of genetic information in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, exhibits a surprising instability in the intracellular environment; this fragility is exacerbated by exogenous agents, such as ultraviolet radiation. To protect themselves against the severe consequences of DNA damage, cells have evolved at least six distinct DNA repair pathways. Here, we review recent key findings of studies aimed at understanding one of these pathways: bacterial nucleotide excision repair (NER). This pathway operates in two modes: a global genome repair (GGR) pathway and a pathway that closely interfaces with transcription by RNA polymerase called transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Below, we discuss the architecture of key proteins in bacterial NER and recent biochemical, structural and single-molecule studies that shed light on the lesion recognition steps of both the GGR and the TCR sub-pathways. Although a great deal has been learned about both of these sub-pathways, several important questions, including damage discrimination, roles of ATP and the orchestration of protein binding and conformation switching, remain to be addressed.
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spelling pubmed-78357312021-01-27 A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair Kraithong, Thanyalak Hartley, Silas Jeruzalmi, David Pakotiprapha, Danaya Int J Mol Sci Review Double stranded DNA (dsDNA), the repository of genetic information in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, exhibits a surprising instability in the intracellular environment; this fragility is exacerbated by exogenous agents, such as ultraviolet radiation. To protect themselves against the severe consequences of DNA damage, cells have evolved at least six distinct DNA repair pathways. Here, we review recent key findings of studies aimed at understanding one of these pathways: bacterial nucleotide excision repair (NER). This pathway operates in two modes: a global genome repair (GGR) pathway and a pathway that closely interfaces with transcription by RNA polymerase called transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Below, we discuss the architecture of key proteins in bacterial NER and recent biochemical, structural and single-molecule studies that shed light on the lesion recognition steps of both the GGR and the TCR sub-pathways. Although a great deal has been learned about both of these sub-pathways, several important questions, including damage discrimination, roles of ATP and the orchestration of protein binding and conformation switching, remain to be addressed. MDPI 2021-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7835731/ /pubmed/33477956 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020952 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kraithong, Thanyalak
Hartley, Silas
Jeruzalmi, David
Pakotiprapha, Danaya
A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair
title A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair
title_full A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair
title_fullStr A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair
title_full_unstemmed A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair
title_short A Peek Inside the Machines of Bacterial Nucleotide Excision Repair
title_sort peek inside the machines of bacterial nucleotide excision repair
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7835731/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33477956
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020952
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