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Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Characteristics of critical Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children is not well understood. This study described the clinical characteristics of children admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and explored factors associated with the nee...

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Autores principales: Alfraij, Abdulla, Bin Alamir, Abdulrahman A., Al-Otaibi, Abdulnasir M., Alsharrah, Danah, Aldaithan, Abdulrahman, Kamel, Ahmed M., Almutairi, Muna, Alshammari, Salman, Almazyad, Mohammed, Macarambon, Jara Mia, Alghounaim, Mohammad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837314/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33486375
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.010
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author Alfraij, Abdulla
Bin Alamir, Abdulrahman A.
Al-Otaibi, Abdulnasir M.
Alsharrah, Danah
Aldaithan, Abdulrahman
Kamel, Ahmed M.
Almutairi, Muna
Alshammari, Salman
Almazyad, Mohammed
Macarambon, Jara Mia
Alghounaim, Mohammad
author_facet Alfraij, Abdulla
Bin Alamir, Abdulrahman A.
Al-Otaibi, Abdulnasir M.
Alsharrah, Danah
Aldaithan, Abdulrahman
Kamel, Ahmed M.
Almutairi, Muna
Alshammari, Salman
Almazyad, Mohammed
Macarambon, Jara Mia
Alghounaim, Mohammad
author_sort Alfraij, Abdulla
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Characteristics of critical Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children is not well understood. This study described the clinical characteristics of children admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and explored factors associated with the need for invasive ventilation or mortality. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study was conducted over eight medical centers, including all patients younger than 18 years of age and admitted to the ICU due to a direct consequence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients who were admitted to the ICU for any alternate reason and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by screening test, and patients who were admitted due to multi-inflammatory syndrome in children, were excluded. Demographic, laboratory, imaging, and clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to compare survivors and non-survivors. Fine and Gray’s hazard model was used to estimate the association between clinical variables and ICU death. RESULTS: During the study period, 25 pediatric COVID-19 patients received care in the ICUs. The median age was 2.78 years (IQR 0.21–8.51), and 60% were male. Only three patients were reported to be previously healthy at admission. Nine (36%) patients required invasive mechanical ventilation, including two were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Four (16%) patients died during ICU care. In univariate analysis, the presence of comorbidity (HR 0.0001; 95%CI 0.00001–0.00016), platelets count (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–0.99), elevated procalcitonin (HR 1.05; 95%CI 1.016–1.09), and circulatory compromise (HR 16.34; 95%CI 1.99–134.35), all at the time of ICU admission, were associated with in-ICU mortality. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that children admitted to the ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, generally, have a favorable outcome. Low platelets count, elevated procalcitonin, presence of comorbidity, and shock at the time of ICU admission were associated with death. This study may shed more light on the disease dynamics of critical pediatric COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-78373142021-01-26 Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study Alfraij, Abdulla Bin Alamir, Abdulrahman A. Al-Otaibi, Abdulnasir M. Alsharrah, Danah Aldaithan, Abdulrahman Kamel, Ahmed M. Almutairi, Muna Alshammari, Salman Almazyad, Mohammed Macarambon, Jara Mia Alghounaim, Mohammad J Infect Public Health Article BACKGROUND: Characteristics of critical Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children is not well understood. This study described the clinical characteristics of children admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and explored factors associated with the need for invasive ventilation or mortality. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study was conducted over eight medical centers, including all patients younger than 18 years of age and admitted to the ICU due to a direct consequence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients who were admitted to the ICU for any alternate reason and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by screening test, and patients who were admitted due to multi-inflammatory syndrome in children, were excluded. Demographic, laboratory, imaging, and clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to compare survivors and non-survivors. Fine and Gray’s hazard model was used to estimate the association between clinical variables and ICU death. RESULTS: During the study period, 25 pediatric COVID-19 patients received care in the ICUs. The median age was 2.78 years (IQR 0.21–8.51), and 60% were male. Only three patients were reported to be previously healthy at admission. Nine (36%) patients required invasive mechanical ventilation, including two were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Four (16%) patients died during ICU care. In univariate analysis, the presence of comorbidity (HR 0.0001; 95%CI 0.00001–0.00016), platelets count (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–0.99), elevated procalcitonin (HR 1.05; 95%CI 1.016–1.09), and circulatory compromise (HR 16.34; 95%CI 1.99–134.35), all at the time of ICU admission, were associated with in-ICU mortality. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that children admitted to the ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, generally, have a favorable outcome. Low platelets count, elevated procalcitonin, presence of comorbidity, and shock at the time of ICU admission were associated with death. This study may shed more light on the disease dynamics of critical pediatric COVID-19. The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. 2021-02 2020-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7837314/ /pubmed/33486375 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.010 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Alfraij, Abdulla
Bin Alamir, Abdulrahman A.
Al-Otaibi, Abdulnasir M.
Alsharrah, Danah
Aldaithan, Abdulrahman
Kamel, Ahmed M.
Almutairi, Muna
Alshammari, Salman
Almazyad, Mohammed
Macarambon, Jara Mia
Alghounaim, Mohammad
Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
title Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
title_full Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
title_short Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
title_sort characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837314/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33486375
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.010
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