Cargando…
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an effective substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism and is known to prevent neurodegeneration and attenuate heavy metal-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the function of ALC in the recovery of mouse spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) after heat stress (H...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33532499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871328 |
_version_ | 1783643016178696192 |
---|---|
author | Qiao, Na Chen, Hanming Du, Peiquan Kang, Zhenlong Pang, Congying Liu, Bingxian Zeng, Qiwen Pan, Jiaqiang Zhang, Hui Mehmood, Khalid Tang, Zhaoxin Li, Ying |
author_facet | Qiao, Na Chen, Hanming Du, Peiquan Kang, Zhenlong Pang, Congying Liu, Bingxian Zeng, Qiwen Pan, Jiaqiang Zhang, Hui Mehmood, Khalid Tang, Zhaoxin Li, Ying |
author_sort | Qiao, Na |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an effective substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism and is known to prevent neurodegeneration and attenuate heavy metal-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the function of ALC in the recovery of mouse spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) after heat stress (HS). The cells were randomly divided into three groups: control group, HS group (incubated at 42°C for 90 min), and HS + ALC group (treatment of 150 μM ALC after incubated at 42°C for 90 min). After heat stress, all of the cells were recovered at 37°C for 6 h. In this study, the content of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was markedly decreased, while the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase3) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. Furthermore, the number of autophagosomes and the expression of autophagy-related genes (Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3II) and protein levels of p62 were increased, but the expression of LAMP1 was decreased in the HS group compared to the CON group. However, treatment with ALC remarkably improved cell survival and decreased cell oxidative stress. It was unexpected that levels of autophagy were markedly increased in the HS + ALC group compared to the HS group. Taken together, our present study evidenced that ALC could alleviate oxidative stress and improve the level of autophagy to accelerate the recovery of GC-1 cells after heat stress. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7837762 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78377622021-02-01 Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage Qiao, Na Chen, Hanming Du, Peiquan Kang, Zhenlong Pang, Congying Liu, Bingxian Zeng, Qiwen Pan, Jiaqiang Zhang, Hui Mehmood, Khalid Tang, Zhaoxin Li, Ying Biomed Res Int Research Article Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an effective substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism and is known to prevent neurodegeneration and attenuate heavy metal-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the function of ALC in the recovery of mouse spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) after heat stress (HS). The cells were randomly divided into three groups: control group, HS group (incubated at 42°C for 90 min), and HS + ALC group (treatment of 150 μM ALC after incubated at 42°C for 90 min). After heat stress, all of the cells were recovered at 37°C for 6 h. In this study, the content of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was markedly decreased, while the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase3) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. Furthermore, the number of autophagosomes and the expression of autophagy-related genes (Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3II) and protein levels of p62 were increased, but the expression of LAMP1 was decreased in the HS group compared to the CON group. However, treatment with ALC remarkably improved cell survival and decreased cell oxidative stress. It was unexpected that levels of autophagy were markedly increased in the HS + ALC group compared to the HS group. Taken together, our present study evidenced that ALC could alleviate oxidative stress and improve the level of autophagy to accelerate the recovery of GC-1 cells after heat stress. Hindawi 2021-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7837762/ /pubmed/33532499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871328 Text en Copyright © 2021 Na Qiao et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Qiao, Na Chen, Hanming Du, Peiquan Kang, Zhenlong Pang, Congying Liu, Bingxian Zeng, Qiwen Pan, Jiaqiang Zhang, Hui Mehmood, Khalid Tang, Zhaoxin Li, Ying Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage |
title | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage |
title_full | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage |
title_fullStr | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage |
title_full_unstemmed | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage |
title_short | Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage |
title_sort | acetyl-l-carnitine induces autophagy to promote mouse spermatogonia cell recovery after heat stress damage |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33532499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871328 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT qiaona acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT chenhanming acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT dupeiquan acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT kangzhenlong acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT pangcongying acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT liubingxian acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT zengqiwen acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT panjiaqiang acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT zhanghui acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT mehmoodkhalid acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT tangzhaoxin acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage AT liying acetyllcarnitineinducesautophagytopromotemousespermatogoniacellrecoveryafterheatstressdamage |