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Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an effective substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism and is known to prevent neurodegeneration and attenuate heavy metal-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the function of ALC in the recovery of mouse spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) after heat stress (H...

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Autores principales: Qiao, Na, Chen, Hanming, Du, Peiquan, Kang, Zhenlong, Pang, Congying, Liu, Bingxian, Zeng, Qiwen, Pan, Jiaqiang, Zhang, Hui, Mehmood, Khalid, Tang, Zhaoxin, Li, Ying
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837762/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33532499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871328
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author Qiao, Na
Chen, Hanming
Du, Peiquan
Kang, Zhenlong
Pang, Congying
Liu, Bingxian
Zeng, Qiwen
Pan, Jiaqiang
Zhang, Hui
Mehmood, Khalid
Tang, Zhaoxin
Li, Ying
author_facet Qiao, Na
Chen, Hanming
Du, Peiquan
Kang, Zhenlong
Pang, Congying
Liu, Bingxian
Zeng, Qiwen
Pan, Jiaqiang
Zhang, Hui
Mehmood, Khalid
Tang, Zhaoxin
Li, Ying
author_sort Qiao, Na
collection PubMed
description Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an effective substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism and is known to prevent neurodegeneration and attenuate heavy metal-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the function of ALC in the recovery of mouse spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) after heat stress (HS). The cells were randomly divided into three groups: control group, HS group (incubated at 42°C for 90 min), and HS + ALC group (treatment of 150 μM ALC after incubated at 42°C for 90 min). After heat stress, all of the cells were recovered at 37°C for 6 h. In this study, the content of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was markedly decreased, while the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase3) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. Furthermore, the number of autophagosomes and the expression of autophagy-related genes (Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3II) and protein levels of p62 were increased, but the expression of LAMP1 was decreased in the HS group compared to the CON group. However, treatment with ALC remarkably improved cell survival and decreased cell oxidative stress. It was unexpected that levels of autophagy were markedly increased in the HS + ALC group compared to the HS group. Taken together, our present study evidenced that ALC could alleviate oxidative stress and improve the level of autophagy to accelerate the recovery of GC-1 cells after heat stress.
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spelling pubmed-78377622021-02-01 Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage Qiao, Na Chen, Hanming Du, Peiquan Kang, Zhenlong Pang, Congying Liu, Bingxian Zeng, Qiwen Pan, Jiaqiang Zhang, Hui Mehmood, Khalid Tang, Zhaoxin Li, Ying Biomed Res Int Research Article Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an effective substrate for mitochondrial energy metabolism and is known to prevent neurodegeneration and attenuate heavy metal-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the function of ALC in the recovery of mouse spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) after heat stress (HS). The cells were randomly divided into three groups: control group, HS group (incubated at 42°C for 90 min), and HS + ALC group (treatment of 150 μM ALC after incubated at 42°C for 90 min). After heat stress, all of the cells were recovered at 37°C for 6 h. In this study, the content of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was markedly decreased, while the apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase3) were significantly increased in the HS group compared to the CON group. Furthermore, the number of autophagosomes and the expression of autophagy-related genes (Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3II) and protein levels of p62 were increased, but the expression of LAMP1 was decreased in the HS group compared to the CON group. However, treatment with ALC remarkably improved cell survival and decreased cell oxidative stress. It was unexpected that levels of autophagy were markedly increased in the HS + ALC group compared to the HS group. Taken together, our present study evidenced that ALC could alleviate oxidative stress and improve the level of autophagy to accelerate the recovery of GC-1 cells after heat stress. Hindawi 2021-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7837762/ /pubmed/33532499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871328 Text en Copyright © 2021 Na Qiao et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Qiao, Na
Chen, Hanming
Du, Peiquan
Kang, Zhenlong
Pang, Congying
Liu, Bingxian
Zeng, Qiwen
Pan, Jiaqiang
Zhang, Hui
Mehmood, Khalid
Tang, Zhaoxin
Li, Ying
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
title Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
title_full Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
title_fullStr Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
title_full_unstemmed Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
title_short Acetyl-L-Carnitine Induces Autophagy to Promote Mouse Spermatogonia Cell Recovery after Heat Stress Damage
title_sort acetyl-l-carnitine induces autophagy to promote mouse spermatogonia cell recovery after heat stress damage
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837762/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33532499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871328
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