Almonertinib-induced interstitial lung disease: A case report

RATIONALE: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have elicited favorable anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer especially the lung adenocarcinoma. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is 1 of the fatal side effects of EGFR-TKIs. However, such type of side effect has not been observed in the follow-up during the treatment of the third-generation EGFR-TKI Almonertinib (also called HS-10296). Here, we first report an Almonertinib-induced ILD in an elderly female patient. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 70-year-old female diagnosed with “ lung adenocarcinoma with intracranial metastasis” harboring a mutation of EGFR 19DEL was administrated with Almonertinib 110 mg orally as the first-line treatment. However, she presented with chest tightness, and shortness of breath, accompanying with paroxysmal dry cough 3 months after the initiation of Almonertinib. DIAGNOSES: Extensive relevant examinations did not provide conclusive results and the chest computed tomography showed a diffuse ILD in bilateral pulmonary. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was diagnosed with Almonertinib-induced ILD in the absence of no other potential causes. She discontinued Almonertinib and was treated with oxygen uptaken and methylprednisolone. OUTCOMES: The whole symptoms were eliminated and the chest computed tomography showed ILD got remission after the prescription of methylprednisolone. LESSONS: Almonertinib has potential to cause the rare but severe interstitial lung disease. Clinicians should keep cautious of this when prescribing Almonertinib.