A Comparative Study on Na(2)Fe(0.6)Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C Cathode Materials Synthesized With Various Carbon Sources for Na-ion Batteries

Na(2)Fe(0.)6Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C composite materials are synthesized with various carbon sources via a simple spray-drying method in this study, and the effect of carbon sources on structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of Na(2)Fe(0.6)Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C materials are investigated in detail. XRD and SEM results indicate that the reduction ability of carbon sources has a key impact on the structure and morphology of Na(2)Fe(0.6)Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C composite materials. Among these Na(2)Fe(0.6)Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C materials, the sample prepared with ascorbic acid presents a uniform hollow spherical architecture. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the Na(2)Fe(0.6)Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C sample prepared with ascorbic acid has optimal electrochemical performance. The sample shows high discharge capacities of 95.1 and 48.1 mAh g(−1) at 0.05C and 1C rates, respectively, and it exhibits an improved cycle stability (91.7% retention after 100 cycles at 0.5C), which are superior to Na(2)Fe(0.6)Mn(0.4)PO(4)F/C materials prepared with other carbon sources. This study demonstrates that the reduction ability of carbon sources significantly influences the electrochemical properties of fluorophosphate/C composite materials. This work also provides a promising strategy to obtain high performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.