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Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken
Intestinal microbiota dysregulation is considered the primary trigger of low-grade inflammation responsible for weight loss due to heat stress. 1,8-Cineole is the major bacteriostatic agent in eucalypt and possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms of its effect on in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33519446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.585945 |
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author | Jiang, Zhihui Luo, Maojun Ma, Wentao Ma, Shengming Wang, Yao Zhang, Kunpeng |
author_facet | Jiang, Zhihui Luo, Maojun Ma, Wentao Ma, Shengming Wang, Yao Zhang, Kunpeng |
author_sort | Jiang, Zhihui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Intestinal microbiota dysregulation is considered the primary trigger of low-grade inflammation responsible for weight loss due to heat stress. 1,8-Cineole is the major bacteriostatic agent in eucalypt and possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms of its effect on intestinal microbiota remain unclear. In this study, 1,8-cineole was prepared into microcapsules prior to use as feed supplement in chickens. The microencapsulation efficiency and chemical stability of 1,8-cineole microcapsules were evaluated. The chicken treatment with 1,8-cineole microcapsules (1 or 3%) for 45 days, in the presence or absence of heat stress for fifteen days, commenced on Day 31, with or without an antibiotics mix (Abx) for three days on Day 27. Performance parameters were measured once a week from Day 30 through Day 45. Surface and entrapped concentration of 1,8-cineole was estimated as 7.89 g/100 g powder in the microcapsules. The time to maximal concentration (T(max)), terminal half-life (T(1/2)), and the area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) of the encapsulated 1,8-cineole were higher than those of the nonencapsulated in treated chickens, although the maximal concentrations (C(max)) were similar. Chickens treated under higher temperatures with 1,8-cineole microcapsules exhibited lower levels of grade inflammation and higher body weight gain. Dietary 1,8-cineole microcapsules recovered the normal structure of upper ileum and altered the ratio of gut microbiota under heat stress and increased the ratio of Lactobacillus and Escherichia, whereas the proportion of Salmonella decreased based on 16S rRNA analysis of the upper ileum microbiota. In vitro, 1,8-cineole effectively inhibited the growth of Salmonella as demonstrated by inhibition zone assay. In summary, our findings elucidated the interaction between 1,8-cineole and intestinal microbiota as a new mechanism for the anti-heat stress effect of 1,8-cineole in preventing low-grade inflammation and weight loss. The results suggest that 1,8-cineole microcapsules may be a good feed supplement to protect against heat stress injury. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7840490 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-78404902021-01-29 Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken Jiang, Zhihui Luo, Maojun Ma, Wentao Ma, Shengming Wang, Yao Zhang, Kunpeng Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Intestinal microbiota dysregulation is considered the primary trigger of low-grade inflammation responsible for weight loss due to heat stress. 1,8-Cineole is the major bacteriostatic agent in eucalypt and possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms of its effect on intestinal microbiota remain unclear. In this study, 1,8-cineole was prepared into microcapsules prior to use as feed supplement in chickens. The microencapsulation efficiency and chemical stability of 1,8-cineole microcapsules were evaluated. The chicken treatment with 1,8-cineole microcapsules (1 or 3%) for 45 days, in the presence or absence of heat stress for fifteen days, commenced on Day 31, with or without an antibiotics mix (Abx) for three days on Day 27. Performance parameters were measured once a week from Day 30 through Day 45. Surface and entrapped concentration of 1,8-cineole was estimated as 7.89 g/100 g powder in the microcapsules. The time to maximal concentration (T(max)), terminal half-life (T(1/2)), and the area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) of the encapsulated 1,8-cineole were higher than those of the nonencapsulated in treated chickens, although the maximal concentrations (C(max)) were similar. Chickens treated under higher temperatures with 1,8-cineole microcapsules exhibited lower levels of grade inflammation and higher body weight gain. Dietary 1,8-cineole microcapsules recovered the normal structure of upper ileum and altered the ratio of gut microbiota under heat stress and increased the ratio of Lactobacillus and Escherichia, whereas the proportion of Salmonella decreased based on 16S rRNA analysis of the upper ileum microbiota. In vitro, 1,8-cineole effectively inhibited the growth of Salmonella as demonstrated by inhibition zone assay. In summary, our findings elucidated the interaction between 1,8-cineole and intestinal microbiota as a new mechanism for the anti-heat stress effect of 1,8-cineole in preventing low-grade inflammation and weight loss. The results suggest that 1,8-cineole microcapsules may be a good feed supplement to protect against heat stress injury. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7840490/ /pubmed/33519446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.585945 Text en Copyright © 2021 Jiang, Luo, Ma, Ma, Wang and Zhang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Jiang, Zhihui Luo, Maojun Ma, Wentao Ma, Shengming Wang, Yao Zhang, Kunpeng Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken |
title | Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken |
title_full | Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken |
title_fullStr | Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken |
title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken |
title_short | Protective Effects of 1,8-Cineole Microcapsules Against Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Imbalance Associated Weight Loss Induced by Heat Stress in Broiler Chicken |
title_sort | protective effects of 1,8-cineole microcapsules against inflammation and gut microbiota imbalance associated weight loss induced by heat stress in broiler chicken |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33519446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.585945 |
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