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Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies

In competition for food, mates and territory, most animal species display aggressive behavior through visual threats and/or physical attacks. Such naturally-complex social behaviors have been shaped by evolution. Environmental pressure, such as the one imposed by dietary regimes, forces animals to a...

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Autores principales: Legros, Jeanne, Tang, Grace, Gautrais, Jacques, Fernandez, Maria Paz, Trannoy, Séverine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33519392
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.599676
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author Legros, Jeanne
Tang, Grace
Gautrais, Jacques
Fernandez, Maria Paz
Trannoy, Séverine
author_facet Legros, Jeanne
Tang, Grace
Gautrais, Jacques
Fernandez, Maria Paz
Trannoy, Séverine
author_sort Legros, Jeanne
collection PubMed
description In competition for food, mates and territory, most animal species display aggressive behavior through visual threats and/or physical attacks. Such naturally-complex social behaviors have been shaped by evolution. Environmental pressure, such as the one imposed by dietary regimes, forces animals to adapt to specific conditions and ultimately to develop alternative behavioral strategies. The quality of the food resource during contests influence animals' aggression levels. However, little is known regarding the effects of a long-term dietary restriction-based environmental pressure on the development of alternative fighting strategies. To address this, we employed two lines of the wild-type Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S (CS) which originated from the same population but raised under two distinct diets for years. One diet contained both proteins and sugar, while the second one was sugar-free. We set up male-male aggression assays using both CS lines and found differences in aggression levels and the fighting strategies employed to establish dominance relationships. CS males raised on a sugar-containing diet started fights with a physical attack and employed a high number of lunges for establishing dominance but displayed few wing threats throughout the fight. In contrast, the sugar-free-raised males favored wing threats as an initial aggressive demonstration and used fewer lunges to establish dominance, but displayed a higher number of wing threats. This study demonstrates that fruit flies that have been raised under different dietary conditions have adapted their patterns of aggressive behavior and developed distinct fighting strategies: one favoring physical attacks, while the other one favoring visual threats.
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spelling pubmed-78405672021-01-29 Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies Legros, Jeanne Tang, Grace Gautrais, Jacques Fernandez, Maria Paz Trannoy, Séverine Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience In competition for food, mates and territory, most animal species display aggressive behavior through visual threats and/or physical attacks. Such naturally-complex social behaviors have been shaped by evolution. Environmental pressure, such as the one imposed by dietary regimes, forces animals to adapt to specific conditions and ultimately to develop alternative behavioral strategies. The quality of the food resource during contests influence animals' aggression levels. However, little is known regarding the effects of a long-term dietary restriction-based environmental pressure on the development of alternative fighting strategies. To address this, we employed two lines of the wild-type Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S (CS) which originated from the same population but raised under two distinct diets for years. One diet contained both proteins and sugar, while the second one was sugar-free. We set up male-male aggression assays using both CS lines and found differences in aggression levels and the fighting strategies employed to establish dominance relationships. CS males raised on a sugar-containing diet started fights with a physical attack and employed a high number of lunges for establishing dominance but displayed few wing threats throughout the fight. In contrast, the sugar-free-raised males favored wing threats as an initial aggressive demonstration and used fewer lunges to establish dominance, but displayed a higher number of wing threats. This study demonstrates that fruit flies that have been raised under different dietary conditions have adapted their patterns of aggressive behavior and developed distinct fighting strategies: one favoring physical attacks, while the other one favoring visual threats. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7840567/ /pubmed/33519392 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.599676 Text en Copyright © 2021 Legros, Tang, Gautrais, Fernandez and Trannoy. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Behavioral Neuroscience
Legros, Jeanne
Tang, Grace
Gautrais, Jacques
Fernandez, Maria Paz
Trannoy, Séverine
Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies
title Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies
title_full Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies
title_fullStr Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies
title_short Long-Term Dietary Restriction Leads to Development of Alternative Fighting Strategies
title_sort long-term dietary restriction leads to development of alternative fighting strategies
topic Behavioral Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7840567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33519392
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.599676
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